Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s “Concrete Angel” Essay Example

Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Child abuse is a escalating problem in the United States. According to the National Child Abuse Statistics, four children die every day from abuse, and three out of four of these children are under the age of four (Childhelp 2006). Three million cases of child abuse are reported in the United States every year, but some experts believe that there are at least three times as many cases that are not reported (Childhelp 2006). In 2003, country singer Martina McBride released a single song to radio that brought the topic of child abuse to the forefront of many listeners minds (Fabian 2007). This song was entitled â€Å"Concrete Angel.† â€Å"Concrete Angel† is the story of a young, school aged girl who is suffering from physical abuse at the hands of her parents. The child in the song shows signs of abuse such as wearing the same clothes every day, attempting to cover bruises, and crying out in the night (Yahoo! Music 2007). Despite a teacher and neighbors noticing that there may be a problem, they never attempt to ask the child or intervene on her behalf (Yahoo! Music 2007). Because of their hesitancy to become involved, the girl dies from abuse. All that is left of her by the end of the song is a grave that is marked with a â€Å"concrete angel† (Yahoo! Music 2007). The term â€Å"concrete angel† also applied to the child while she was alive. She was unable to â€Å"rise above† her terrible circumstances, but â€Å"dreams (gave) her wings† and in those dreams she would â€Å"fly to a place where she’s loved† (Yahoo! Music 2007). This, in the minds of the songwriter s, was the very definition of a â€Å"concrete angelâ€Å" (Feek 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The songwriters who penned â€Å"Concrete Angel† are Rob Crosby and Stephanie Bentley (Feek 2006). Some people incorrectly believe that Martina McBride both wrote and recorded the song, but that fact could be attributed to McBride’s involvement with child abuse charities after the song was released. Crosby was interviewed about the writing of the song after McBride released it. He told interviewers that Bentley had the idea of placing a â€Å"concrete angel† in a song, but they initially did not know who the angel should be (Feek 2006). A few possibilities were tossed around until they came up with the idea for an abused child (Feek 2006). Crosby stated that he and Bentley felt that the song had touched a lot of people (Feek 2006). In addition to the song, the music video that accompanied it gave the number for Child Help USA at the end (Feek 2006). Crosby related that he had been told of instances where an abused child had seen the video and called the number th emselves (Feek 2006). He said that the knowledge that the song had a positive impact was very â€Å"gratifying† (Feek 2006). After Martina McBride released â€Å"Concrete Angel† on a greatest hits album, people began to send stories and words of thanks by email and posts to her website (Fabian 2007). Some of these people were social workers and child abuse investigators, but many were survivors of child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride was already involved with the National Domestic Violence Hotline through her songs â€Å"Broken Wing† and â€Å"Independence Day,† but the response to â€Å"Concrete Angel† made her want to become more involved with groups preventing child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). This led to her involvement with the Prevent Child Abuse America campaign (Frontpage Publicity 2007). Not only did she use the song â€Å"Concrete Angel† to stir others to action, but she also taped a personal plea for help and action to find child abuse sufferers and save them from their fate (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride’s actions have no doubt sav ed many abused women and children. She seems to choose songs that focus on problems plaguing the world, such as abuse, addiction, and poverty. Even though the songs are not always a commercial success, McBride is able to say that she uses her gift of music for more than just the money it can bring. She uses her beautiful voice to bring help to the needy, and hope to the hopeless. Unfortunately, despite the moving words of â€Å"Concrete Angel,† child abuse cases continue to rise. It seems that the song has not made a large impact on abusers, but every little bit helps. More than a few victims of abuse have been changed over to crusaders against abuse. Many people who did not realize what an enormous problem child abuse in the United States was have been educated, and hopefully some have been moved to report seeing children who look unusually bruised and unkempt to the proper authorities. In fact, the rise in the number of reported child abuse cases could be looked at as a hopeful thing instead of a tragedy. Perhaps people have been encouraged to report child abuse since â€Å"Concrete Angel† moved Martina McBride to bring the issue into the spotlight. When all is said and done, â€Å"Concrete Angel† put child abuse out into the open and served as a shock to people who would have rather not heard such a heart wrenching song. Because it got a lot of airplay on many different types of radio, many people were exposed to the shocking lyrics. Many more saw the music video and paid attention, even thought it was very hard to watch. Even though the writers did not even start out writing a song about child abuse, they felt that once they had the idea the song basically â€Å"wrote itself† (Feek 2006). We cannot ever be sure of how many people were saved by this unplanned song, but we do know its impact on the world. It has moved many people to activism, and perhaps one day we will be able to see a positive change in the number of child abuse cases. If we do, we can thank people like Rob Crosby, Stephanie Bentley, and Martina McBride. When people put need over potential commercial success, a lot of good can come from it. †Å"Concrete Angel† has become a rallying cry for many, and perhaps it will save many children from the fate of becoming a â€Å"concrete angel.† Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Example Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Child abuse is a escalating problem in the United States. According to the National Child Abuse Statistics, four children die every day from abuse, and three out of four of these children are under the age of four (Childhelp 2006). Three million cases of child abuse are reported in the United States every year, but some experts believe that there are at least three times as many cases that are not reported (Childhelp 2006). In 2003, country singer Martina McBride released a single song to radio that brought the topic of child abuse to the forefront of many listeners minds (Fabian 2007). This song was entitled â€Å"Concrete Angel.† â€Å"Concrete Angel† is the story of a young, school aged girl who is suffering from physical abuse at the hands of her parents. The child in the song shows signs of abuse such as wearing the same clothes every day, attempting to cover bruises, and crying out in the night (Yahoo! Music 2007). Despite a teacher and neighbors noticing that there may be a problem, they never attempt to ask the child or intervene on her behalf (Yahoo! Music 2007). Because of their hesitancy to become involved, the girl dies from abuse. All that is left of her by the end of the song is a grave that is marked with a â€Å"concrete angel† (Yahoo! Music 2007). The term â€Å"concrete angel† also applied to the child while she was alive. She was unable to â€Å"rise above† her terrible circumstances, but â€Å"dreams (gave) her wings† and in those dreams she would â€Å"fly to a place where she’s loved† (Yahoo! Music 2007). This, in the minds of the songwriter s, was the very definition of a â€Å"concrete angelâ€Å" (Feek 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The songwriters who penned â€Å"Concrete Angel† are Rob Crosby and Stephanie Bentley (Feek 2006). Some people incorrectly believe that Martina McBride both wrote and recorded the song, but that fact could be attributed to McBride’s involvement with child abuse charities after the song was released. Crosby was interviewed about the writing of the song after McBride released it. He told interviewers that Bentley had the idea of placing a â€Å"concrete angel† in a song, but they initially did not know who the angel should be (Feek 2006). A few possibilities were tossed around until they came up with the idea for an abused child (Feek 2006). Crosby stated that he and Bentley felt that the song had touched a lot of people (Feek 2006). In addition to the song, the music video that accompanied it gave the number for Child Help USA at the end (Feek 2006). Crosby related that he had been told of instances where an abused child had seen the video and called the number th emselves (Feek 2006). He said that the knowledge that the song had a positive impact was very â€Å"gratifying† (Feek 2006). After Martina McBride released â€Å"Concrete Angel† on a greatest hits album, people began to send stories and words of thanks by email and posts to her website (Fabian 2007). Some of these people were social workers and child abuse investigators, but many were survivors of child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride was already involved with the National Domestic Violence Hotline through her songs â€Å"Broken Wing† and â€Å"Independence Day,† but the response to â€Å"Concrete Angel† made her want to become more involved with groups preventing child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). This led to her involvement with the Prevent Child Abuse America campaign (Frontpage Publicity 2007). Not only did she use the song â€Å"Concrete Angel† to stir others to action, but she also taped a personal plea for help and action to find child abuse sufferers and save them from their fate (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride’s actions have no doubt sav ed many abused women and children. She seems to choose songs that focus on problems plaguing the world, such as abuse, addiction, and poverty. Even though the songs are not always a commercial success, McBride is able to say that she uses her gift of music for more than just the money it can bring. She uses her beautiful voice to bring help to the needy, and hope to the hopeless. Unfortunately, despite the moving words of â€Å"Concrete Angel,† child abuse cases continue to rise. It seems that the song has not made a large impact on abusers, but every little bit helps. More than a few victims of abuse have been changed over to crusaders against abuse. Many people who did not realize what an enormous problem child abuse in the United States was have been educated, and hopefully some have been moved to report seeing children who look unusually bruised and unkempt to the proper authorities. In fact, the rise in the number of reported child abuse cases could be looked at as a hopeful thing instead of a tragedy. Perhaps people have been encouraged to report child abuse since â€Å"Concrete Angel† moved Martina McBride to bring the issue into the spotlight. When all is said and done, â€Å"Concrete Angel† put child abuse out into the open and served as a shock to people who would have rather not heard such a heart wrenching song. Because it got a lot of airplay on many different types of radio, many people were exposed to the shocking lyrics. Many more saw the music video and paid attention, even thought it was very hard to watch. Even though the writers did not even start out writing a song about child abuse, they felt that once they had the idea the song basically â€Å"wrote itself† (Feek 2006). We cannot ever be sure of how many people were saved by this unplanned song, but we do know its impact on the world. It has moved many people to activism, and perhaps one day we will be able to see a positive change in the number of child abuse cases. If we do, we can thank people like Rob Crosby, Stephanie Bentley, and Martina McBride. When people put need over potential commercial success, a lot of good can come from it. †Å"Concrete Angel† has become a rallying cry for many, and perhaps it will save many children from the fate of becoming a â€Å"concrete angel.†

Exploratory research Essay Example

Exploratory research Essay Example Exploratory research Essay Exploratory research Essay equipment cost ,location Their budget for the advertisement, media promotion employees bonus, and customer loyalty plans and the other resources as well like: Suppliers can give information about market trends, motorists activities, popular sales products, price negotiations and supply quantities. Contractors can give feedback on client attitude. They can tell you what type of gardening are popular in these days. Networks will inform of industry activities, innovation, new products and services techniques and new markets. Satisfaction levels for customers services product quality, availability, advice, response, time and pricing. 2. 3 Possible Research location According to the case study D. A garden is located in main road, opposite a small shopping centre thats include a supermarket, departments store, cafe ND 12 specialty shops. Large Bunging store is also located in 2 kilometers down the road. We have to analysis of opportunities area and trying to improve that area, and also find the weakness from the previous data and overcame that for the future. 2. 4 Planned research methodologies. Exploratory research aimed at gaining a better understanding of a problem or factors surrounding the problem. Exploratory research often concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist.. The Internet allows for research methods that are more interactive in nature. Exploratory research often relies n secondary research such as reviewing available literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or pilot studies. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Descriptive research obtains information and data in the form of facts and figures related to a specific topic or problem. Descriptive research is replanted and provides definitive data that can used to draw conclusions. Descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity. The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is to conduct a survey investigation. Descriptive research may include observation and survey. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused a situation. Causal research involves a ambition of exploratory and descriptive research. This research is aimed at identifying cause and effect relationships between actions and reactions. Casual research might include searching for something on the Internet or giving data of any organization. It differs from scientific research that is considerably more formal and rigorous in nature and causal research that investigates the effect of one thing on another, the data or information we got from the customers, suppliers and other sources from that information we have to change the market strategy of D. A gardening for profit minimization. 2. The sample size and nature of your sample They are getting 200 to 300 hundred customers in day they are trying to do best in a future and they want 400 hundred customers in a day You can come here and enjoy our products. Weekly Monthly Daily Questioners could be given to Customers who visit the cafe so their demand could be known or customers in the shopping centre or in the cafe could be observed to know which type of food is most demanded by the customer. Nature of sample they have 1400 hundred regular customers in a weak and they want to be around 2000 customer in a weak. 2. 6 The time required and available The time constraints at the project scoping stage refer to the conflict the sometimes occurs between the estimated time that the research will take, and the available time that the client is willing to allow. This time should refer to how quickly they are expecting results. (8) Data Gathering Approach Quantitative because figures are needed for better research to be done 3. 1 Types of Data required Primary research data means seeking data that does not already exist. It is getting original data that is not available anywhere else and can only be obtained by communication with people or making observation about people ND situations . Primary data is usually the most expensive form of data gathering. It is also most valuable, as the data gathered for a specific organization. Three basic means of obtaining primary data are observation, surveys, and experiments. The choice will be influenced by the nature of the problem and by the availability of time and money. In D. A. Gardening the survey method is useful then other two. Secondary research data is always easier and cheaper to obtain than primary data but it should always be critically evaluated prior to use. Secondary research means seeking data that already exists, such as facts and figures. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research Sources of data Internal data Customer database past marketing data and/or reports Competitor information gathered by staff. External data Information from publications, such as those available through a literature search Data and information collected by industry experts ,trade associations, r professional associations Information and data from government sources such as the Australian bureau of statistics. Data Gathering Methods Focus group, literature search, Questionnaire surveys, news paper. Quantifying data Sampling is a process where a small portion of the population is used to collect data from Sampling is a process where a small portion of population is used to collect data from which judgments are made about the entire population Because if you were hired to find out how customers evaluated the store compared to competitors, would you try to contact everyone that lives and works in the local area.

Marriage, Divorce and Childrens Adjustment Literature review

Marriage, Divorce and Childrens Adjustment - Literature review Example The next issue the title addresses is divorce and this is the core of the text book. The textbook will essential talk about divorce and how it affects the family in general. The next bit of the title addresses children and this is because the book is essentially talking of the effects of divorce on children and how it takes toll on their lives. The last bit of the title addresses adjustment and this is related to children after the divorce. In general the title is well phrased and tackles all the ideas that are presented in the book by showing us the logical flow of ideas as in what leads to what and who gets affected and the final outcome. Book titles are supposed to be informative and give the reader an idea about the book. The reader should be able to deduce what the book is talking about from the title. This is because the title is the first selling point of the book. The book begins with an editor’s introduction. The editor begins with an overview of the subject of child development expressing his views that the topic has attracted scholars in the field to examine it. The editor speaks of the problem of the state of the family institution in the United States speaking of the problems that it is facing and how they are affecting children. He goes ahead to mention the problem of divorce citing its far reaching consequences that it has had on children and adolescent development and thus necessitating a closer examination into the causes of some of the problems in marriage that lead to divorce and how children are affected and what can be done to ease the situation (Emery, 1999, pp. ix-x). The introduction has essentially given us a direction on the scope of the book as it tackles child development issues and how the family as a whole plays an important role in the development and well being of the child. So far in the introduction, various aspects are said to be covered in the text and the scope proposed by the editor does not present any limitations. The editor says that the book is part of a series of books in child development and says that various aspects have been covered in the previous book. Given the fact that this is a second edition means that the author has developed his ideas well and no aspect of the subject has been left behind. The preface helps to bring the message home by explaining the aspect of divorce and how it should be understood. The author picks the subject from a neutral point of view presenting his experiences and those of others and explaining that some of these aspects are multidisciplinary and should be looked at from various angles in order to get a better understanding. The table of contents in any book should be the guiding factor for the reader to easily get information from the book. The table of contents should have a simple flow that shows the development of ideas from one stage to another. This book has a well structured table of contents that has a chronological flow of ideas. The book has d ivided its contents into seven chapters. Chapter one presents an overview of divorce and various perspectives on children and divorce. Chapter two sets out by examining the cultural, historical, and demographic perspective of the issue of divorce and this is based on the United States (Emery, 1999, pp. 5-20). Chapter three presents research findings and shows the methodology that was used in conducting the research concerning divorce, marriage and children adjustment (Emery, 1999, pp. 21-30). Chapter four then looks at how children adjust after divorce and breaks them down into a number of problems that are individually addressed. It also looks at the issues that result in divorce such as intimacy and emotional problems (Emery, 1999, pp.

The Impact of Privatisation on Sustainability of Water in the United Essay

The Impact of Privatisation on Sustainability of Water in the United Arab Emirates - Essay Example Thus keeping a sustainable water supply in place is essential for the future of the country. Interviews have a number of strengths and weaknesses associated with them. Among the strengths are the ability to gauge both the knowledge and attitudes of the respondents, and also how the two influence one another. The weakness is that these are purely qualitative in nature, and so cannot produce quantitative, empirical evidence as to the state of the water supply and sustainability in the UAE. This study involved 29 interviews divided evenly between Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Fujairah: the three major cities in the UAE. As will be illustrated, there were contrasts both intra- and inter- city in the attitudes towards and knowledge of sustainable water supplies. It is these attitudes that will be so important in the decades to come as creating a sustainable water supply is as much a matter for the general population as it is for the government of a country. Sustainability can only occur with the active cooperation of the population, without this it is merely a pleasant but empty ideal with no practical basis. It is interesting to note the variety of responses to both the definition of â€Å"sustainability† and how the respondents expanded on â€Å"what is important with regards to sustainability?† The definitions range from the simple to the complex to the comprehensive. Thus AUH1 states simply, â€Å"Sustainability for water means you use only the renewable resources that you cannot affect or deteriorate your water resources which is not here applicable in Abu Dhabi Emirate because the demand is more than water production and we rely on ground water which is not renewable.† Apart from the difference in style of reply, it is obvious that AUH1 places the definition of sustainability clearly (and solely) within the human context of whether â€Å"everyone† has a secure and safe

Federalism and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Federalism and Business - Essay Example A federal system is favourable than a unitary one because the state territories can be used as laboratories to try out business policy changes such as several fusions of laws, technological adjustments and tax policies. New policies are important to promote competitiveness as time goes by. It is easier for a federal government to perform experiments on policy changes since it can use a selected state as a ‘lab rat’. This experimentation phenomenon has been successfully used severally in the UK in health, education and economic policies (Martin & Sanderson, 1999, 249). If a policy leads to better business performance in the selected state, it can then be used throughout the regions. If disastrous, the federal government can correct or control the effects more economically unlike a central government. Centralized governments employ more of similar policies in the entire area of governance. They are therefore reluctant to try out new policies due to extensive risks likely t o affect the entire economy (Rich & William, 2002, 58). State governments have more information on their constituents’ needs than the central government. Presumably, decentralized governments are closer to their constituents and are more likely to have better knowledge of local cost conditions and preferences. If such information is publicized, businesses can be able to take advantage of the market niche that needs to be filled. Even though the central government can theoretically employ local agents, they will probably have less political incentive to put into account their constituents’ needs above those of local government agents. The states will therefore have a relative advantage over the central government in experimentation and creating variation.... The states will therefore have a relative advantage over the central government in experimentation and creating variation. Federalized governments are better supervisors of business and business related activities. This is as a result of reduction in complexities associated with bureaucracies in centralized governments. Federal governments can therefore be said to be more effective in performing their supervisory duties to the public. According to Lord Bryce in Zavodnyik, 2011 (p65 - 68), the growth in civil order in the United States has been as a result of state governments ability to closely monitor affairs of the citizens than congress was. As per Zavodnyik, this is one of the factors which drove USA to being one of the largest and most organized economies in the world. The US through its states system can better enforce business contracts in the states. It can also perform more effective control in the respective state markets due to ‘closeness’ of the government to the people. This reduces counterfeits and the number of transactions performed in the black market. Fabbrini 2009, in the book ‘Democracy and Federalism in the European Union and the United States: Exploring Post-National Governance’ seconds this pointing the US and UK as the countries with the lowest levels of counterfeit products in their territorial markets. Even though the governments may use the federal government to reduce illegal trades in order to maximize on the amount of taxes it collects, this promotes businesses whose markets are put at risk by counterfeits and illegal transactions which are expensive (European Center for Security Studies, 2010, 103). This creates a conducive breeding ground for businesses since it means less bureaucracy and red tape measures which

The Safety Measure In Malaysia Construction Construction Essay

The Safety Measure In Malaysia Construction Construction Essay In order to reduce the accident rate in construction industry, many government statutory bodies and local authorities play their role on enforce the legislation on the issue of safety and health in construction industry. But the result show that the accident rates in construction industry involve death and injury is still high. On the other word mean, the rate still in anxiety level. So research on safety issue in Malaysia construction need to be conduct to identify why the accident rates still in anxiety level. Aim To study on the safety measure in Malaysia Construction during period of construction be carry out. Objective To study on the safety management in construction. To study hazard and risk in construction site. To study the safety act, regulation and guideline in construction site. Background Construction industry has been classified as a high risk industry due to there is a high risk of accident always happen during the activity is conduct. The reasons is safety and health issues is always been looking as a second factors compare to time, cost and quality that always be considered as the main factors in the construction industry. The other reason is that many employers just concentrate on maximizing the profit instead of established on prevention accident policy. Due to the actual cost cannot be estimate until the accident is happen, so the employer do not emphasize to this safety. Accident rate still consider is high in Malaysia construction industry based on the statistics of the accidents in the construction industry reported by the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO). This high rate of accident is give bad impression that the construction industry is the most critical industry and it need a huge and fast evolution from the current safety practices method in construc tion activity. In order to prevent or reduce the accident from happen, one must identify first on the causes of that accident is happen only can take the action to overcome it. Therefore, a few acts and regulations is introduce to control the accident matter and also as a guidance not only for the employer; it also for the contractors. The few acts is Occupational Safety and Health 1994 (OSHA) and Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA). These two acts are under the Ministry of Human Resource and is enforcing by the Department of Health and Safety Malaysia. This is few functions by the Department of Health and Safety Malaysia: To help increase the awareness to workers, employers, contractors and the general public about the occupational safety and health. To formulate and review on safety and health policy of occupational safety and health. To carry out research at the workplace on issue related to occupational safety and health. To ensure workers and visitors of their safety and health and also the welfare at construction workplace. To become the secretary regarding occupational safety and health (Department of Health and Safety Malaysia, 2009) Basically the workers or visitors get injure is normally at construction workplace or construction site. So in order to make sure workers or visitors is safe, it is the employers obligation to provide safe workplace. Provide safe workplace also help to reduce or prevent the accident from happen and resulting people get injured. Occupational safety and health also list that the employers responsible to provide a safe workplace under the section 15 General duties of employers and self-employed persons to their employees. Under the section 15, the employers and self-employed should: It should be the responsibility of every employers and every self-employed person to ensure, the safety, health and welfare at workplace of all his employees so far as it is practicable. (Department of Health and Safety Malaysia, 2009) Methodology Literature Review Can be defined as any resources such as documents, journals that available to be select in order to fulfil the objectives which contain data and evidence that written by other students in their previous research. The data from the literature reviews is known as the secondary data due to the data is obtained from other sources. Documentary study (statistic) The data is collect from the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) and Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) in form of statistic about the accident happen. In the statistic also is also show that the construction industry is the most high risk compares to other industry. Case study Three construction sites is be identify to allow for conduct the case study about the accident happen to help complete this project. It is important to help construction site in effort to reduce or prevent the accident from happen in construction site. It also let people know whether that construction site is follow or comply to the guide that is be introduce by Occupational Safety and Health 1994 (OSHA) and Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA). Organization of The Dissertation Chapter 1 Introduction In this chapter is introducing the background of the construction industry, and some of the objectives that need to be fulfilling in order to complete the project. Besides that, this chapter also mention on how the research method that be use to collect data or information and how to finish this project. Chapter 2 Literature Review In this chapter, it focuses on how to fulfil the objective that already mention inside the chapter1. To complete the objective, data is be collect true the articles, journals, books that related with the project topic. Chapter 3 Methodology In this chapter, is state the method on how to gather the data or information such as gets it from statistic which obtained from Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) and Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Result In this chapter, it focuses on the research methodology by analysis the data or information is collect inside the chapter 2. Chapter 5 Discussion and Conclusion In this chapter, the overall of the project is been summarise. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Construction industry is the most risky and hazardous compare with other industry. Due to its risky and hazardous, construction is seeing as accident-prone industry. Therefore, accident will just happen from time to time during construction project. Accidents will just happen at construction site and at every where especially in high rise construction project. Reasons is time, cost and quality always become the main factors to be considered ahead of safety. A safety issue is always being considered as secondary in the construction. Many employers do not established comprehensive to the accident prevention policies but instead their more focus on maximizing the profit. They do not emphasize on safety because they cannot estimate the actual cost of an accident until it occurs. The statistics of accidents occurred in the construction industry indicate that the accident rate in Malaysian construction industry is still high and it give a picture that construction industry is one of the cr itical sectors that need a huge and fast overhaul from the current site safety practices. Once the construction accidents happen, it will produce many problems; such as workers become demotivation, delay of project activity, and also will affect the cost of the project, productivity and the construction industry reputation also been affected (Mohamed, 1999). The first reason for this research is to understand appropriate management for safety improvements to minimize the accident rate in construction industry. Concerning the safety aspects within construction industry, it is apparent that the implementation of safety best practices is still far from good. An accident is an unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of events, which occurs through a combination of causes; it results in physical harm (injury or disease) to an individual, damage to property or environment, a loss or any combination of these effects. Thus, if no safety and health management for the project, that project may totally failure and the cost for that project will become over budget. Second, this research is to discuss about the hazards that may occur on construction site. Accident dont just happen, they are caused. According to Ridley 99 per cent of the accident are caused by either unsafe acts or unsafe conditions or both (Ridley, 1986). Hazards will also much contributed to the accidents. Hazard should be properly understood by safety players as well as construction players and workers. Many people were not much pay attention on hazard at construction site. Again, the stigma of the people was thought that the construction industry cannot be run away from the three 3-D syndromes namely dirty, dangerous and difficult. This mindset should be turning over to more realistic and harmonisation in construction towards sustainable construction and make the construction is rather creating wealth. Lastly, this research is to discuss about the enforcement of Act and Regulation in Malaysian to the construction industry. There are few act and regulation related to this health and safety in Malaysia and this act and regulation are enforcing by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Although, extensive efforts have been taken in order to reduce the accident rate by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), yet the statistic data shows it still not seen any improvement in the number of accident on construction activity. Mostly in Malaysia, the construction industry is just follow the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994 and Factories and Machinery Act (FMA 1967). 2.2 Construction safety management Construction industry is the most risky and it contribute high accident rate that had cause fatality. Therefore, it very important for the industry to follow / apply safety and health management to reduce the accident rate issue. Accidents can be happen at any time, at anywhere, on any construction activity to any people in the construction site or else to outside people. Safety management involving few functions that include of planning, identifying the problem areas, coordinating, controlling and directing the safety activities on workplace, all aimed at the prevention of accidents (figure 1). Figure 1: Safety organization and management must cover all aspects of the employers or the contractors operations According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson a successful health and safety management system consist of the following element which is policy, organisation, planning, measurement, and auditing and reviewing. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they were mentioned that how to ensure the safety and health management become successful. successful health and safety management systems require the following components: The organisation of all employees for management of safety and health The establishment of a clear policy for safety and health The safety and health performance be measure The planning for safety and health by setting objectives and targets, identifying hazards, assessing risk and establishing standards against which the organisation can measure performance The auditing and reviewing of safety performance and practice, in order to inform improvement. (Howarth and Watson, 2009) According to Tey (1999), among the importance of safety is to minimise the probability of accident and disease from happen to the workers. Thus, the workers can perform their works more conductively and be able to complete the project as scheduled. It is also to ensure the progress of work is flow smoothly on site. If any accidents happen on site, thus the work progress will be stop temporary due to make way for the investigation to be carried out by the responsible authorities to find out the accident reason. Consequently this will affected the completion of the whole project progress. In order to prevent accident happened, they must identify the causes of accident first then only solve that problem. There is a many of causes that will contribute accident to happen within construction industry. For example, struck by objects, fallings from height, electrical hazard and death cause by plant is the most accidents happen in the construction industry (MOM, 2009; US Bureau of Labour, 2009a). Also, various reviews of safety management in construction industry have revealed that insufficient safety measures and poor safety awareness is the major reasons for the high incidence of occupational accidents in this industry (Sawacha et al., 1999; Tam et al., 2004; Angela and Ines, 2005; Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2008). 2.2.1 Health and Safety Policy Safety and Health Rules, Regulations, Policies According to CSAO (1993), a health and safety policy is a written statement of principles and goals embodying the companys commitment to workplace health and safety (CSAO, 1993). It demonstrates top managements commitment to ensure safe working methods and environment at the construction sites. Provide a safe workplace become a responsibility of the employer. In Malaysia, a legal requirement is set by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) and other government agencies to ensure the safety and health of all workers at the workplace. On the construction, there is different level of people work there; various type of activities to carry out and different types of plant and machineries to be operate. Therefore, health and safety policy is very important for the projects. Health and safety policy can be the guidance or manual of the construction site to make sure the people, activities and plant follow on construction site durin g the period of construction. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they stated that there is nine (9) commitments that should be archive while carry out the health and safety policy statement by organisation. The nine (9) commitments of the organisation are: Recognise that health and safety is an integral part of business performance Achieve high level of health and safety performance, with a minimum standard being legal compliance and cost-effective health and safety performance improvement Provide adequate and appropriate resources to implement the policy Set and publish health and safety objective, even if only by internal notification Place the management of health and safety as a prime responsibility of line management, from the most senior executive to first line supervisory level Ensure that the policy statement is understood, implemented and maintained at all level in the organisation Ensure employee involvement and consultation to gain commitment to the policy and its implementation Periodically review the policy, the management system and audit of compliance to policy Ensure that employees of all level receive a proper training and is competent to carry out their duties and responsibilities (Howarth and Watson, Construction Safety Management, 2009) 2.2.2 Planning and Implementation Planning, to identify the possible hazards and risks to all workers and other people that also may be affect by the construction activity, setting out the standards performance as a target should be achieve by management and ensure all documentation is perform follow the standards (Holt, 2001). Based on Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they mentioned that few important elements for planning and control the health and safety at construction site. They have summaries the important key elements for the construction site planning and control item of safety as following: The organisations health and safety manual The pre-construction information provided by the client and designer The project health and safety plan Site rules Site induction Communication of health and safety information and guidance to site personnel Sub-contractor co-ordination, communication and co-operation, and competency management (Howarth and Watson, Construction Safety Management, 2009) 2.3 Hazards and Risks According to OHSAS 18001, hazard can be defined as anything that could cause harm to people and damage to property, the environment and the combination of these. Source or situation with potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to workplace environment or combination of these. According to OHSAS 18001, risk can be defined as the chance, greater or small that someone will be harm by hazard. Combination of the likelihood and consequence of a hazardous event occurring. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they mentioned that a hazard is the things that presented harm. In addition, by referring to Frederick Gould and Nancy Joyce (2009), they stated that a hazard is something presented can cause of injuries. Besides that, according to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they mentioned that risk is the chance or likelihood that somebody will harm or injury by hazard. Commonly, a hazard is a specific situation connected with a production process or a work process and is characterised by such a configuration or state of factors of this process, which may result in an accident at work or an occupational disease (Carter and Smith 2006; HoÅ‚a 2008). In the simplest cases hazards can be identified by observation, comparing the circumstances with the relevant information. A combination of the following methods may be the most effective way to identify hazards. Methods of identifying workplace hazard are including: Previewing legislation and supporting codes of practice and guidance NIOSH/ DOSH published information Reviewing relevant Malaysian and international standards Reviewing industry or trade association guidance Reviewing other published information Hazard checklist be developed Conduct walk-through surveys (audits) and inspections Reviewing information from designers or manufacturers Assessing the adequacy of training or knowledge required to work safely Analysing unsafe incident, accident and injury data Analysing work processes Job safety analysis Consulting with employees Observation Seeking advice from specialists Materials safety been testing and produce the product labels 2.3.1 Hazard cause by Materials According (Howarth and Watson, 2009), accident may be occur by the materials when construction activity is carry out on site such as materials deliver or remove from the site. There is some potentials hazard cause by the materials on the construction site: Use of hazardous materials Storage of hazardous materials Handling of materials Removal of existing materials Dust from materials Spillages of materials Fire Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) which is incorporated into the Occupational Safety and Health Act and serve as a comprehensive and legislated programme that ensures workers to understand about the hazardous materials around workplaces. Moreover, according to the WHMIS system groups the hazard material into six categories based on the material type and hazard which is shown in Table 2.2. Each category has its own hazard symbol and it is important that the worker be able to recognize those symbols (WHMIS, 2011). Table 2.2: The Six Classes of Hazardous Materials and Symbols CLASS A Compressed Gas A compressed gas is a material which at normal temperature and pressure, packaged under pressure in a cylinder or other container. The hazard from these materials is generally arises from their chemical nature and sudden loss of integrity of the container. A compressed gas cylinder is usually quite heavy and when ruptured can become a projectile with the potential to cause significant damage. For example: Acetylene and oxygen CLASS B Flammable and Combustible Materials Classifying material that will ignite and continue to burn in air if exposed to a source of ignition. This class classified as a flammable gases, flammable aerosols, combustible liquids and flammable solids. Many laboratory solvents and cleaning materials used on this class. For example: Methane, acetone, aniline, and lithium hydride. CLASS C Oxidizing Material An oxidizing material may or may not burn itself, but will release oxygen or another oxidizing substance, and thereby causes or contributes to the combustion of another material. This type of substance gives of a large amount of heat when in contact with other substances. Also, able to support a fire and considered high reactive of these chemicals. For example: Ozone, chlorine, and nitrogen dioxide. CLASS D Poisonous and Infectious Material These symbols represent the class of materials that pose the greatest potential hazard to our life and health. Division 1: Materials Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects These materials can severely damage our health in a single overexposure. Fortunately, few of our work areas contain this type of material. For examples: Cyanide compounds, styrene are very toxic substances. Division 2: Materials Causing Other Toxic Effects This unique symbol identifies material that poses a threat to our health through long term exposure. Further, this material may be a suspected carcinogen or have other health damaging properties. Our labs, work areas and shops contain materials marked with symbol. For examples: Asbestos cause cancer, ammonia is an irritant. Division 3: Bio hazardous Infectious Material This classification includes any organisms and the toxins produced by these organisms that have been shown to cause disease or are believed to cause disease in either humans or animals. For example: a blood sample containing the Hepatitis B virus is a bio hazardous infectious material. It may cause hepatitis in persons exposed to it. CLASS E Corrosive Material Corrosive materials can attack (corrode) metals or cause permanent damage to human tissues such as the skin and eyes on contact. Burning, scarring, and blindness may result from skin or eye contact. Corrosive materials may also cause metal containers or structural materials to become weak and eventually to leak or collapse. For example: Ammonia, fluorine, and hydrochloric acid. CLASS F Dangerously Reactive Material This symbol identifies dangerously reactive materials. These materials may react violently under certain conditions of shock or an increase in pressure or temperature or react violently with water. They may also react vigorously with water to release a toxic gas. For example: Ozone, hydrazine, and benzoyl peroxide. (Sources: WHMIS, 2011) 2.3.2 Hazard cause by Movements Plant and Machinery Most of the hazards in construction is more or less has related with movements plant and machinery, it is identified to be more significant at site involve in infrastructure works and industry building. In construction site, there is a lot type of plant and machinery be used during conduct the construction activities. The number of plant and machinery using in site is depending on how big the scale of that project. Therefore, the management team also need to consider of movement plant and machinery as one of the potential hazards while planning the safety and health. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), there is some potentials hazard cause by the movement plant and machinery on the construction site: Lack maintenance for plant and machinery No proper separation for plant and machinery and pedestrian route on site Failure to secure materials during hauling / lifting Operating plant and machinery without authority Operating plant and machinery by non-qualify person Mechanical failure of plant and machinery Lack of warning system Lack of signboard / signage Plant and machinery reversing, provide adequate stop blocks 2.4 Construction Acts and Regulation in Malaysia Under the department of Ministry of Human Resources, there still has another department known as Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Normally, there is still has two Acts that need to be implement to the construction industry which is Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA). This Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 are under Law of Malaysia Act 514 and Factories and Machinery Act 1967 is under Law of Malaysia Act 139. 2.4.1 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 Generally, OSHA 1994 policy is to provide a safe and healthy work environment for all its employees and protect others who may be affected by its activities. The management and staff will work together to achieve the aims and objectives of this policy through discussion / negotiation (conference) and cooperation. Specifically, the department policy comprises the following objectives: To prepare a safe and healthy workplace; To secure the safety and health of persons at work; To protect persons at workplace other than employees To ensure that all staff is provided with the relevant information, training and supervision regarding the methods to carry out their duties in a safe manner and without causing any risk to health; To investigate all accidents, diseases, poisonous and/or dangerous occurrences, and to have action to ensure that these occurrences will not be repeated; To comply with all requirements of legislations related to safety and health as stated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, as well as regulations and codes of practice which have been approved; To provide basic welfare facilities to all workers; and To revise and improve on this policy whenever necessary. The formation of OSHA came was upon three principles. The first is the need for employers to develop a good management system that starts with a safety and health  policy. Secondly, employers, employees and the  authorities must negotiate to settle issues and problems relating to occupational safety and health at the workplace. The first principle is self-regulation. To handle issues relating to  occupational safety and health, employers must develop a good and orderly management system. Starting with formation of a safety and health policy and consequently employers have to make the proper arrangements to be carried out. The third and last principle is co-operation, where the success of the occupational safety and health programs will succeed with the co-operation between employers and employees. With the resulting co-operation, there will  be an increase of quality of occupational safety and health at the workplace (Laws of  Malaysia 2000). The department is without any doubt certain that safety and health must be an integral part of our daily activities, and that the proper practice of safe and healthy working procedures would be the main factor in achieving the success of our mission. Basically, the Act assembles by fifteen parts and consists of 67 sections. PART I PRELIMINARY PART II APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS PART III NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PART IV GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS AND SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS PART V GENERAL DUTIES OF DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS PART VI GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES PART VII SAFETY AND HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS PART VIII NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS, DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE, OCCUPATIONAL POISONING AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, AND INQUIRY PART IX PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF PLANT OR SUBSTANCE PART X INDUSTRY CODES OF PRACTICE PART XI ENFORCEMENT AND INVESTIGATION PART XII LIABILITY FOR OFFENCES PART XIII APPEALS PART XIV REGULATIONS PART XV MISCELLANEOUS 2.4.2 Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) is to control the matters that related to the safety, health and welfare of the workers, the registration and conduct inspection to the plant and machinery and for any matters connected therewith (Law of Malaysia, 2005). Under this Act, it consists of 6 Part and subdivides to 59 sections: PART I PRELIMINARY PART II SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE PART III PERSON IN CHARGE AND CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY PART IV NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT, DANGEROUS OCCURENCE AND DANGEROUS DISEASES PART V NOTICE OF OCCUPATIONAL OF FACTORY, AND REGISTRATION AND USE OF MACHINERY PART VI GENERAL

Potential Impact of Blogs on Communication Essays -- Internet Online C

The Potential Impact of Blogs on Communication The advent of weblogs as instruments of Web-based conversation shall surely increase the exchange of news-related and academic information; probably not to the extent that books or newspapers have, but certainly in an open and accessible way. Gradually as they gain in popularity, blogs shall transform the field of journalism from one of complacent reporting to a more competitive and less elitist industry. Motivated individuals, with the use of their personal blogs, shall weigh in on important and controversial topics related to politics and social issues. Similarly, separated networks of academics shall benefit from more convenient access in communicating their ideas across long distances, giving them greater opportunities to organize large collaborative projects. Although books and libraries shall continue to be the preferred and overwhelming choice of students, educators, and interested persons as a place for acquiring knowledge, weblogs, through the global network called the I nternet, shall bring people ever closer together to inform the general public and to exchange technical and academic ideas. The influence that blogging shall have on the news industry and on academia should, for the sake of objectivity, be placed in comparison with the advent of mechanized printing. Both these technologies (i.e. blogs and printing) have made general news coverage and advanced scholarship related to professional and academic disciplines more readily available than what was the case before their creation. Prior to the invention of moveable type and the printing press, only a small number of trained scribes and privileged aristocrats knew how to write. Books took painstaking effort ... ...ve understanding about the social and physical sciences shall be fostered by this new on-line forum. Works Cited Mumford, Lewis. "The Invention of the Printing Press." Communication in History : Technology, Culture, Society. Ed. Crowley, David and Paul Heyer. Pearson Education. pp. 93-97. Lasica, J.D. "Blogging as a Form of Journalism." We've Got Blog. Ed. Rodzvilla, John. USA: Perseus Publishing, 2002. 163-71. Pryor, Larry. "A Weblog sharpens journalism students' skills." Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3. pg. 97. Regan, Tom. "Weblogs threaten and inform traditional journalism." Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3: pg. 68. Reynolds, Glenn Harlan. "Weblogs and journalism: Back to the future?" Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3: pg. 81. Duke University. Center for Instructional Technology.

Greg Critser and Obesity Arguementative Essay

He believes that stigmatizing overeating in children will be a feasible solution to end the increasing epidemic of childhood obesity. However, Critser has several problems linked to his simple solution to a very complex problem. First, Critser doesn’t talk about the discrimination and the rude treatment that people struggling with obesity face. Second, he claims American families are to blame for this epidemic, but really parents are the ones who are held responsible for their children’s eating behaviors in the first place. Third, by enforcing children to avoid overeating will only cause mental problems associated with the tension and stress on when and how to eat their food. Fourth, parents should set an example on how they eat their food, because a child will act the same way as how they see their parents eating. Lastly, by stigmatizing the unhealthy behaviors due to obesity, in accordance to, trying not to stigmatize the person or people, really is stigmatizing the children who are suffering from being obese. There are many variables involved in the epidemic of childhood obesity that Critser does not recognize, for example the diseases or genetics that are involved with obesity. The feasible solution Critser argues might help in the short run with a decrease in childhood obesity, but in the long run his solution will not solve the overall epidemic to end childhood obesity. To begin with, Critser never mentions the discriminating effects and rude treatment that obese people deal with the minute they step out in society. Mary Ray Worley begins in her article â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance† explaining what fat people go through day to day, and involved are all the emotions and feelings fat people go through when other people see them. If you’ve grown up in the twentieth-century American society, you probably believe that being fat is a serious personal, social, and medical liability. Many Americans would rather die or cut off a limb than be fat, many believe that fatness is a serious health risk, and many are convinced that is a simple matter to reduce one’s body size and are so offended by body fat that they believe it is acceptable to shun fat people and make them the butt of cruel jokes. Those who are fat quickly learn to be deeply ashamed of their bodies and spend their lives trying to become what they are not and hide what can’t be hidden. Our society believes that thinness signals self-discipline and self-respect, whereas fatness signals self-contempt and lack of resolve. 66) Worley goes into depth on some of the thoughts that are running through obese peoples’ mind when going out in society. This is including all adults and children. The discrimination that obese children suffer from is long lasting detrimental effects. These feelings and emotions that are developed as a child can play a vital role in one’s self-esteem along wit h their confidence and how they will conduct themselves day by day. Nowhere is the article Critser talks about the discrimination an obese person has to deal with. Critser would mention two things in his article that would affect the feelings of obese children and one of them was the feeling that obese children deal with is that â€Å"pressure causes tension† (1). The other thing was his solution he thinks that will end the epidemic of obesity, which was, to stigmatize the behavior of overeating while yet not to stigmatize the person engaged in the behavior. Critser was all wrong in thinking this would actually work around the world and not just the Westernized countries. In addition, Critser says, â€Å"No one should be stigmatized for being overweight. But stigmatizing the unhealthful behaviors that cause obesity would conform with what we know about effective health messages† (1). He then goes on to add a false analogy with the campaigns against unprotected sex and smoking. He first is wrong when trying to link obesity with smoking. The two problems are irrelevant to each other besides the fact that both are bad for your health. His focus on unprotected sex and homosexuals in one of his analogies takes offense to anyone who is bigoted, because heterosexuals and homosexuals are the same kind of people with different interests. People who are bigoted go onto discriminate them. That is a false analogy because what does unprotected sex and also homosexuals have to do with obesity in children. Next, Critser’s solution in ways of stigmatizing the unhealthy behaviors associated with obesity and overeating is not the overall solution to conquer this growing epidemic worldwide. The solution is one that may help slow down obesity, but his solution is such a simple solution to such a complex problem. There are many problems associated with obesity; along with there are many solutions to help conquer childhood obesity. Critser is wrong that society can stigmatize overeating without stigmatizing the person engaging in the behavior. â€Å"Food for thought: Children’s views on the psychological aspects of childhood obesity† in Educational and Child Psychology, Debbie Mansfield and Georgina Doutre discuss the â€Å"psychological aspects of childhood obesity† along with the â€Å"children’s views† and â€Å"how to protect obese children from stigmatizing effects† (23). Children are being stigmatized for being obese. The children are subject to â€Å"negative stereotyping and discrimination by their peers,† and â€Å"self-esteem issues, negative body image, depressive symptoms† (Braet, Calamaro and Waite, Hesketh, Koplan, Miller and Downey 24). This proves that Critser’s solution is not going to work. His solution won’t work because, when one is trying to stigmatize the behavior of overeating, then the person who is obese is also subject to the stigmatization. Furthermore, the parents also play a vital role when their child is obese. Children learn through what they see especially when they are at a young age. The â€Å"foot soldiers against obesity† is the American family and are needed to put their children on a â€Å"dietary restraint† to avoid â€Å"gluttony† (1). According to Critser, this saying that the American family is a problem to childhood obesity but later says parents aren’t to blame. Critser uses a strawman tactic saying pressure causes tension by Diamonds. This is true in a sense, but the way Critser uses this saying is that he leaves it at that. He says no more. He doesn’t mention anything else about pressure causing tension. He just quotes Diamonds and what they have to say. The tactic works well in his article, because this is true but it is not linked to his primary solution. â€Å"Childhood obesity could be related to the ignorance or denial of the negative consequences from an individual or family perspective† (Davidson and Birch 24). Critser may agree with this. â€Å"On the other hand, parental acceptance and lack of concern regarding weight issues can be a protective factor for the self-esteem of overweight children† (Stradmeijer 24). A study on obese children concluded that participants are â€Å"accepting attitudes and mpathy towards obese children,† obese children make their own choices over their own â€Å"destiny† (Mansfield and Doutre 27). There were also negative consequences linked to obesity. Being obese caused a lack of friends for children, more bullying occurred, limited to different sporting activities, and serious health consequences (Mansfield and Doutre 28). Parents can help their children in ways to avo id all these emotional consequences their obese children have to deal with along with the psychological effects it has. Mansfield and Doutre provide a table of children’s views of supportive mechanisms for obesity. Some parental discipline and encouragement could be for their children to stop lounging around and do more exercise and eat more fruits and veggies instead of snacks (Mansfield and Doutre 29). A few coping strategies would be to ignore it, their personal choice, and avoidance, accordance to that children think it’s not anybody else’s life to choose who you want to be and rather skinny or fat it is what you want to be (Mansfield and Doutre 29). Critser thinks that kids don’t know much, when really they seem to have an understanding and knowing about the problems associated with obesity. The school systems try to promote exercise to prevent obesity from occurring. It is healthy for children to make their own positive choices. Instead of stigmatizing the behavior of overeating, schools can provide a real good background to children. Moreover, Critser’s article shows weakness in some parts of the article. Critser included a Pennsylvania state university scholar Barbara Rolls that talked about a study she conducted. Her study noticed that the three years old children stopped eating when they were full no matter what the portion size was, but the five year old children devoured everything that was in front of them. Earlier in the article Critser stated that â€Å"kids don’t know when they are full† (1). Another weakness that Critser wrote was when he mocked the experts saying that kids have the right to make bad nutritional choices. This doesn’t have much support in his paper or evidence along with Critser is comparing two different eras. â€Å"Nutrition, Health, and Schoolchildren† written by Judy Butriss states alternative dietary suggestions whether it refers to healthy snacks to the decrease of food intake in a child. the dietary suggestions include; A balanced, varied diet for the whole family, avoiding grazing and TV snacks, healthy snacks (fruits) as alternatives to sweets, chocolate, biscuits, whole food that take time to eat, and grill or boil food instead of frying† (Butriss 294). Finally, in Critser’s article he uses loaded language and unfair argumentation with words like gluttony, foot soldiers, and infantry. Critser uses the term foot soldi ers in a way against obesity that we are pushing for obesity and not seem to care as much. In a way that foot soldiers can be like foot soldiers that just are taught to march and march and nothing else. Critser sounded bias with this term. He also uses the term infantry. Infantry is referring to the American family along with the term foot soldiers. The two terms go together and act as if the American family just keeps encouraging obesity rather than preventing it. This is unfair argumentation because this is not necessarily true. Critser is being bias in the terms he uses. The last piece of loaded language Critser uses is gluttony where he uses the term twice. The term gluttony can be defined as greedy or excessive indulgence, and many children with obesity are labeled as gluttonous. In the beginning of the essay Critser says, â€Å"needs to promulgate [. . . ] dietary restraint, something our ancestors knew simply as avoiding gluttony† (1). Critser says that no person should be stigmatized for being overweight, but his idea is to stigmatize the unhealthy behaviors associate with obesity (Critser 1). This is an unfair argumentation because Critser uses the inconsiderable word gluttony a few times and is also bias to the idea of anti-fat. This is a mistake by using the fully loaded word gluttony, because obese people have enough on their plate and don’t need any more judgments that obesity implies. In conclusion, Critser’s simple solution to such a complex problem is just not going to work. His claims that stigmatizing the behavior of overeating due to obesity, American families cause obesity, portion control and dietary restraint needs to be enforced, and even never to put a kid on a diet seems to not be supportive enough to back his simple solution. His loaded language use of gluttony causes a problem due to the judgmental attitude it implies. Instead, this causes the many social, physical and even economical problems to rise. When one is obese this does raise the thought of a shortened life span and risks to mental diseases, due to the seclusion, one may receive just for seeing themselves as obese. The parents and school teachers come up with ways children can cope a lot easier with being obese. For example, the ways of exercise, change the behavior in how a child will eat snacks (healthy alternatives), and the knowledge that obese children can gain without the loss of self-esteem and confidence. In the end of it all, Critser’s solution to stigmatize the behavior of overeating in a child is the complete reverse approach.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Activity Theory means remaining occupied and involved on activities that are necessary to a satisfying late life. The meaning of this principle was that human mind comes to exist, develop and can only be understood within the context of meaningful, goal oriented and socially determined interaction between humans and the material environment.The basic concept of this theory is that all human activities are mediated by culturally created signs or tools. Through external interactions with these signs the internal mental state of the individual is transformed (Aboulafia, Gould, and Spyrou 1995).Activity Theory is not a theory in the strict interpretation of the term, it is consist of basic principles which constitutes a conceptual system in general that can be used as a foundation of more specific theories.These principles of Activity Theory includes object-orientedness, dual concept of internalizing and externalizing, meditations and continuous development.Whereas the object orientednes s states that as human beings, we should,live in a reality that is objective in a broad sense and the things that constitutes reality have not only the properties which are considered objective according to national science but socially/culturally defined properties as well.In this theory the high level motivating concept is activity. It is the general term that describes what the individual or group is trying to accomplish and typically indicates what outcome are they working out. A good case on this is activity like fishing.A fishing activity has actions that are performed on order to accomplish a specific goals and when that action is performed, the situation is assessed and later on determines if the goal is achieved. Actions also inludes operations and rules that requires the individual to act and think more in relation to the activity and the goalActivity Theory 2that they want. It includes figuring out where to fish, loading the fish to the car, baiting your hook, catching,cl eaning and driving home with the catch.The Activity Theory emphasizes on social factors and on interaction between agents and environment and the necessary tools in doing those actions.Tools shapes the way human being's interaction with reality. Tools are created and transformed during the activity development and this tools are used as a means of accumulation and transmission of social knowledge. It influences not only the environment but enhances the mental functioning of every individualWhat we can further analyze regarding this theory are the activities that will make adult busy and make them get into the process of maintaining an active lifestyle that will benefit them in attaining a satisfying late life. Continuity   of doing this activities makes adult develop their mind and body that will later on satisfy their life.I is important for older adults to be active in order to attain a satisfying late life because during these stages they need to be expose to activities that wi ll make them feel young and make their minds working so as to forget the illnesses that may occur due to the fact that they are getting old.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and being engage in activities like fishing, mind sports and physical exercises makes an older adult feel young and the continuous mental function provides them more knowledge and more enjoyable time spent with love ones.ReferencesAboulafia, A., Gould, E., & Spyrou, T. (1995). Activity theory vs. cognitive science in the study of human-computer interaction . Proceedings of IRIS

Comprehensive Sex Education

Comprehensive Sex Education Speech 1. Intro a. Today, 13,000 teenagers lives will change. 10,000 of them will be infected with an STD, 2,400 will become pregnant, and 55 will contract HIV. Those are some pretty scary statistics. And yet the government is still spending $100 million a year on abstinence only sex ed programs instead of teaching kids about the emotional aspects of sex and how to do it safely if they choose to do so. "Just say no" didn't work for drugs, and it won't work for sex either.2. Body a. Some schools have started giving free condoms out to students to make it more likely that teens will use them. Buying condoms from a store could be a potentially embarrassing situation, especially if the student would have to show ID or if the condoms were kept in a glass case in the store. Either of these situations could discourage students from buying them, and they would have no other way to obtain one if their school didn't hand them out, so they probably wouldn't use one at all.Condom coutureHaving c ondoms at school eliminates this problem.b. Also, if kids are buying condoms with money out of their own pocket, they would probably get the least expensive brand, which are probably cheaply made and would break easily. The condoms that the school would give out would be free and of a higher quality.c. Some people think giving out condoms will tell teens it's okay to be sexually active and give them an excuse to have sex. That's a ridiculous argument. The nurse provides band-aids, and kids aren't just going to go cut themselves.d. But to get a condom at most schools that hand them out, you need a parent to sign a permission slip, and many parents refuse...

Discuss some of the benefits and drawbacks of studying for a Essay

Discuss some of the benefits and drawbacks of studying for a university degree which spear to be more persuasive Refer to the - Essay Example University education not only provides expert knowledge, but also it gives individuals the practical skills needed to handle situations in the world. Thus, each university scholar has the chance to widen their viewpoint and enrich their own knowledge. An additional factor that drives the inspiration for university education is that; there exists a direct correlation between the level of schooling and the sum of income to which one is entitled. The traditional roles of universities were that of teaching and researching. University research has aided in the development of theoretical knowledge and its subsequent application in the practical field. Positions in the traditional universities were only privy to a select few. These select few were largely the cream of the community. Thus, these elite of the community busied themselves with research, which was conducted by the best students and few professors. Thus, these individuals locked themselves in ivory towers and succumbed to the pas sions of knowledge. The net effect of this was the total loss of contact with the society. This meant that the overall performance of these traditional universities took a nose dive. Performance of universities is measured by the improvement of quality of lives of the people it serves. Thus, the needs of the society should be at the center of a university’s activities. ... Additionally, there is an increasing demand for university education. Costs for educating a person are steadily rising with universities struggling to keep up with increasing demand. Critiques cite the fact that anything taught at the university can also be self taught. They reason that it is not practical to spend copious amounts of money on universities so that one can gain knowledge, which is widely available from other sources (LOVETT et al, 2004, p. 18). Critiques also state that no one professor has the divine knowledge that is injected to students once they attend the various lessons. Each student is required to put in effort so as to increase their knowledge in the respective fields. This statement is true in some sense. However, I do disagree with this half baked thought. In all endeavors of life, one cannot be sure of succeeding without the advice and counsel of a mentor. The instructor’s job is to ensure that you do not make mistakes and explain concepts that are di fficult to understand (MCMAHON 1999, p. 34). Without this vital input, a lot of time and energy is going to be spent at the said endeavor whose results cannot be guaranteed. It is with this fact in mind that a lot of individuals absorb this enormous financial cost for education. The role of the professors is to accelerate the duration of training thus saving on valuable time. Additionally, they ensure that each student has properly grasped the basic concepts lest ill-equipped individuals flood the job market (BINGLEY et al 2005, p. 71). An unfortunate scenario is when the training a person has sacrificed a lot for actually deems him or her ineligible of job position. This arises in cases of over qualification. This is when an individual is

Analytical Measurements Should be Made to Satisfy an Agreed Essay

Analytical Measurements Should be Made to Satisfy an Agreed Requirement - Essay Example b.Prior to making a final judgement the results thus obtained from measurements should be compared to the existing standards already laid down to interpret the lower and upper limits. For example, in determining the level of alcohol in the blood of a driver charged with driving while drunk, there should be an existing standard level of alcohol in blood considered safe for driving and a limit above which it is unsafe to drive. The result obtained from the blood sample of this driver is then compared to the standard limit. (4, 10) c.A valid measurement is the one which does not result in misleading an observer, or the customer of a laboratory making the measurement. That is to say, that if the customer makes a decision relying on the information obtained by a valid measurement then the decision is correct. (4, 10) d.A valid measurement in itself may not be particularly accurate or precise, but if a conclusion is to be reached as to how the result differs from a standard then the measurement will have sufficient accuracy and precision to satisfy customer’s requirement. The correctness of a decision reached by relying on the information obtained through analytical measurement indicates the validity of measurement. (1, 4, 10) e.The aim of the agency making Valid Measurement, normally a laboratory, is to provide their customers with results that are not ambiguous and confusing and meet customer requirements. That is why Analytical Measurement should be made to satisfy an agreed requirement. (10) In analytical measurements the quality of data extracted is all that matters and good information thus gained is an outcome of good measuring techniques applied. For data to be of good quality the technique employed should be validated by being precise, repeatable, reproducible and stable. (8,9) g. A precise technique does not have deviations in the result of same measurement. There should be no change in methodology of measurement and neither should there be a change in what is being measured. The repeatable technique should render the same result when the same object is measured over a number of times. A reproducible technique is the one which when repeated produces the same result. A stable technique does not change over a period of time and if repeated, in times to come, it should be able to give same results as in the past. (2, 5) h. Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC) and National Physical Laboratory (NPL) have jointly developed Valid Analytical Measurement (VAM) principles, as part of their VAM programme to sketch a design for laboratories involved in making analytical measurements. Out of the six principles as laid down "Analytical measurements should be made to satisfy an agreed requirement" (4) is the first. (4) i. To realize the importance of agreed requirements consider that there a number of tests which can be performed to carry out a measurement. An analyst, being an expert, must enter into a dialogue with the customer to discuss the quality of results, time and cost of these tests. The analyst must have the knowledge to identify customer's requirements. Moreover, it is important to gain an insight into the criticality of the measurement by virtue of discussion with the customer. As such, it becomes necessary to know for what purpose the result will be used. (4, 5, 6) j. All critical and non-critical issues must be explained to the customer prior