Psychoanalysis of Medea - 2843 Words

Title: Libido: Medea’s Real Force ABSTRACT In this study, Medea by â€Å"Euripides† is approached from a psychoanalytic perspective. It focuses on the theory of Freud that Libido plays an important role in the character building of an individual and that actions of individuals are motivated and controlled by it. The motivation of Medea’s actions does not come from the outside circumstances but arise from her libido. All her actions are analyzed to bring a somewhat clear picture of her psychology. She murders her children after a lot of thinking because of the conflicts hatching in her mind. The movement of the unconscious of Medea has been highlighted. Her libido transforms into ego when her libido object is taken from her. She loses the†¦show more content†¦(Patricia) This transformation in the person of Medea occurs because she is in danger of losing her libido object. She can go to all extremes to preserve this new feeling which she relishes now. Medeas actions are now derived by this new force and she is unable to act reasonably. She is ready to make the unwomanly move to kill her brother in order to get a safe passage for Jason and her. She acts unreasonably and unwomanly because she is unable to control the newly felt feeling of libido. This strange force of libido resides in her unconscious and inspires her actions. According to Freud â€Å"...it (libido) manifests itself in irresistible attractions exerted by one sex upon the other and that its aim is sexual union or at least such actions as would lead to that union.† (Freud, The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud) It is no doubt her overpowering libido which takes control of her consciousness and she acts as her libido dictates her. It is worth noting that all of her actions are violent now. This is explained by Freud as,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the libido is regularly and lawfully of a masculine nature, whether in the man or in the woman.† (Freud, The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud) Its instinctual manifestation is quite clear. Here we come across a young woman, Medea, who can do anything to get hold of her libidoShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Male And Femal e Characters2154 Words   |  9 Pagesmale characters. Euripides’ Medea and Aristophanes’ Women at Thesmophoria provide one with a paradigm from each genre of how sexual role reversal can explore alternative representations of gender and result in having a transgressive impact on dominating gender ideology. Both playwrights present complex characters that conform to and discard their traditional gender roles during the course of the play’s narratives Barbara Freedman’s Frame-up: Feminism, Psychoanalysis, Theatre provides an appropriateRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 PagesThanks  to  the  magical  powers  of  Medea,  daughter  of  the  ruler  of  Colchis,  Jason  performed  the   impossible  tasks  necessary  to  win  the  fleece  and  to  take  it  from  the  dragon.  Afterward  Medea  took   horrible  revenge  on  Pelias,  who  had  killed  Jason’s  parents,  stolen  Jason’s  throne,  and  sent  Jason  on   the  quest  for  the  fleece.  She  tricked  Pelias’s  daughters  into  cutting  him  up  and  boiling  him  in  a   cauldron.  Medea’s  story  continued  to  involve  horrific  violence.  When  Jason  rejected  her  for  another   woman,  Medea  once  more  usRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 P agesthis reciprocity might have facilitated the liberation of woman. When Hercules sat at the feet of Omphale and helped with her spinning, his desire for her held him captive; but why did she fail to gain a lasting power? To revenge herself on Jason, Medea killed their children; and this grim legend would seem to suggest that she might have obtained a formidable influence over him through his love for his offspring. In Lysistrata Aristophanes gaily depicts a band of women who joined forces to gainRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesFeminist Poetics * Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar: Infection in the Sentence; The Madwoman in the Attic * Murray Krieger: A Waking Dream: The Symbolic Alternative to Allegory * Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari: Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Psychoanalysis * Renà © Girard: The Sacrificial Crisis * Hà ©là ¨ne Cixous: The Laugh of the Medusa * Jonathan Culler: Beyond Interpretation * Geoffrey Hartman: Literary Commentary as Literature * Wolfgang Iser: The Repertoire * Hayden White: The Historical

We Should Pay College Athletes Essay - 1307 Words

Over the years, the debate on whether or not to pay collegiate athletes, specifically Division 1, has increased greatly. With athletes bringing in millions of dollars to their respective schools, many believe it’s time to make a change. The debate has been ongoing since the 70’s, maybe even earlier, but it really came to the attention of many in the early 90’s, specifically 1995. Marcus Camby, a basketball player for the Toronto Raptors, admitted he took money and jewelry, from somebody who wanted to be his agent, while he was playing at the University of Massachusetts. This was one of many incidents that involved a player accepting money and other gifts from an agent and/or booster. I believe that college athletes†¦show more content†¦If they received some compensation for the hard work, this corruption would gradually lessen, because the need for money would lessen. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Just recently the NCAA allowed college athletes to get a job, but seriously, where are the athletes going to find the time to work. With classes, schoolwork, practices, and games (which include traveling all over the country), when are they going to fit in time to serve fries at Burger King. â€Å"I guess it’s a good thing,† says Indiana University freshman guard Michael Lewis. â€Å"But between class and basketball, I’d like to know when I’ve got time to flip burgers.† You have to be realistic, and having the athletes get a job isn’t very realistic. It’s hard enough now for the athletes to fit in time for themselves let alone work. After a long day of practice and school, they’ll be too tired to go to work. â€Å"No employer is going to want to employ someone that can only work such select hours,† freshman gymnast Dominic Brindle. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most coaches sign lucrative contracts worth hundreds of thousands of dollars with sports companies, and aren’t the ones wearing the Nike shoes or jersey, the players are. The marquee players sell jerseys with their numbers on them, but they don’t see the money from them. Schools sign large contracts with television stations for millions (even billions) of dollars, to see the kids play. Why is it that these players don’t get even a little of it back? They’re theShow MoreRelatedShould We Pay College Athletes798 Words   |  4 PagesMarch 29, 2012 English 112 (B) Research Paper 1 Should We Pay College Athletes? Should we pay college athletes? That is a big topic in NCAA sports right now. People think that college athletes work hard and that they deserve to get paid. Michael Wilbon is one of these people. At first he was against paying college athletes, but now he is all for it. He says that he is interested in seeing the people that make revenue share a little piece of it. Then you have people like a reporter from theRead MorePaying College Athletes1455 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to college athletics, there always will be a problem that arises. It is one of the most controversial topics there is. One of the main issues within athletics is the idea of whether to pay college athletes or not. Several studies have been done along with articles from various sources. This has been on the rise especially since â€Å"March Madness† is coming up. â€Å"March Madness† may only consist of three weekends, however, an 11 billion dollar deal is made to televise the games (Wilbon) .Read MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid? Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate on whether college athletes should be paid to play is a sensitive controversy, with strong support on both sides. College athletics have been around for a long time and always been worth a good amount of money. This billion dollar industry continues to grow in popularity and net worth, while they continue to see more and more money come in . The student-athletes who they are making the money off of see absolutely none of this income. It is time that the student-athletes start to see some ofRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1601 Words   |  7 PagesFor decades college athletics have been a huge money making business and for decades the players at these universities have been the ones making the majority of it. The issue with this topic is that college athletes receive nothing more than a scholarship which is sometimes not enough. Many college athletes have spoken out about this issue and the NCAA has fired back in response. The NCAA argues that these athletes are not professionals and do not deserve payment. If college athletes were to receiveRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholarships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreWhy College Athletes Should Be Paid807 Words   |  4 PagesJoshua Davis Ms. Hammons Junior English 5th Hour 30 march 2017 Why College Athletes Should Be Paid College athletes have much more responsibilities to worry about than pros, and scholarships don t help athletes that much and they often don’t even finish college. The problem is college athletes don t get paid when they have twice the responsibilities of pro athletes. college athletes have to juggle their sport practices and games, being on the road a lot of the time, going to classes everydayRead MoreThe Importance Of College Scholarships942 Words   |  4 PagesGoing to college and graduating with a certain type of degree is one of the biggest things someone can ever accomplish. In order to do that, we need the teachers and programs that college has to offer, but how can we do that when the athletic department is taking over most of the money? How are colleges supposed to improve their courses with no money? How are colleges supposed to help students pay for their studies? Scholarships are given in a way to recognize your confidence and hard work that canRead MoreMoney In College Athletics1647 Words   |  7 PagesMoney In College Athletics A huge topic in sports right now is whether or not college athletes should get paid. If you turn on any sports channel that discuss sports topics you will find this debate being discussed. Turn on sports radio and you will be sure to find callers with strong opinions on the subject. In the sports world this is a hot topic. College athletes should not be paid for playing any college sports at any level. Collegiate football athletes should not get paid for the revenueRead MoreThe National Collegiate Athletic Association1227 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Chronicle of Higher Education recently estimated that college athletics is a $10-billion marketplace† (Suggs). With huge sums of revenue generated from college sports teams, players for the successful teams appear to be very marketable. â€Å"The National Collegiate Athletic Association, the largest collegiate sports organization in the United States, oversees much of the business of American college sports. For 2011-12, th e NCAA reported $871.6 million in revenue-- 81 percent of which came from

Persecution in the Early Church Free Essays

string(27) " and in the fall of 249 A\." The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that one of the factors that the early church grew was because of persecution. However, this was not the only factor. The faith of those who followed Jesus Christ transcended the state of Christianity and helped it grow exponentially in the first centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on Persecution in the Early Church or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Christianity today has millions of followers. In the early stages of Christianity, this wasn’t always the case. How and why did it spread? Nowadays, many convert to Christianity for various reasons. Following the death of Jesus Christ, the persecution of Christians in the early church did not hinder or eliminate the growth of Christianity, on the contrary, there is a direct correlation between the persecution and growth of Christianity in the early church. However, persecution was only one reason, of all the many reasons that helped the early church grow. It was the apostle Paul who said, â€Å"For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for is the power of God unto salvation . . . to the Jew first and also to the Greek† (Rom. 1:16). There was no power or empire on earth that was going to stop the growth of Christianity. In as little as three centuries, Christianity became the religion of preference and eventually the official religion of the Roman Empire. According to K. S. Latourette, â€Å"The complete story of the spread of Christianity in the first couple of centuries cannot be entirely told, for there is not sufficient data to write it.† Moreover, what can be told is that within the first five centuries Christianity became the dominant religion. Christianity began in the Roman Empire and became one of the major systems of belief. The irony of the intolerance of Christianity was that most cultures of the time accepted all sorts of deities. When the Apostle Paul stood before the Aeropagus he makes mention that the people of Athens were religious people in the sense that they had many Gods. The author F. F. Bruce states, â€Å"Paul was brought and invited to expound his teaching.† The Apostle Paul said, â€Å"As I was walking through your city and observing your objects of worship I found an altar bearing the inscription: â€Å"to an Unknown God† (Act 17:23). The number of gods and objects that were worshiped was so vast, that the people of Athens even had an altar made to someone who was unknown, just to make sure they hadn’t forgotten anyone. Even with the vastness of religions, somehow Christianity was an outcast in the middle of a plurality of religions. Century after century of persecution, which in some cases occurred in isolated areas, and other times was empire driven, the Roman Empire was bent on eradicating Christianity. How is it that Christianity continued to grow in spite of the onslaught of persecution that occurred? According to Phillip Schaff, there are at least ten major persecutions that stand out in the early church. Here are the ten Roman Emperors who initiated those persecutions: Nero (64-68) Persecution Domitian (81-96) Trajan (112-117) Marcus Aurelius (161-180) Septimus Severus (202-210) Decius (250-251) Valerian (257-59). Maximinus (235-38) Aurelian (r. 270–275) Diocletian and Galerius (303-324) A Brief Summary of Some of the Notable Roman Emperor Driven Persecutions (Nero 64-68AD).According to Everett Ferguson, the apostles Paul, Peter, and James were all killed within five years of one another in the mid-sixties. James was killed by the Jerusalem authorities while Peter and Paul were executed in Rome under Nero (64-68 AD). After Nero’s persecution of Christians (64 AD), Paul is never heard of again. James â€Å"the brother of the Lord†, as the leader of the Jerusalem church and was respected by his followers, however, in 62 AD, he was assassinated under the authority of the Jewish high priest. In the year 66, the Jews rebelled against the Roman authority and â€Å"refused to perform the daily sacrifice for the emperor.† Four years later, the Emperor Vespasian’s forces, led by Titus, completely plundered and destroyed Jerusalem. At this point, the leadership of Christianity was seemingly wiped out. There would be no logical reason for Christianity to grow now that the leadership was dead. Millard J. Erickson writes that Christians knew, â€Å"one salient dimension of God’s preservation is that the believer is not spared from danger or trial, but is preserved within it. There is no promise that suffering or persecution will not come, but rather that they would not prevail against them.† The Apostle Paul affirms this reasoning when he states, â€Å"Who shall separate us from the love of Christ† (Rom. 8:35). â€Å"Persecution† is assumed in his statement following this verse, and he ends with this summary, â€Å"For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither the present or the future, nor any powers, neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord† (Rom. 38-39). Approximately, five centuries before this, the same faithful stance resonated in Daniel’s three friends before King Nebuchadnezzar in the face of a fiery furnace. It is here that one begins to grasp the starting point of why Christians would not compromise their faith even through persecution. Ekeke observes, â€Å"The persecution under Nero was confined to Rome, but this action set the tone for what would occur elsewhere in the Roman Empire.† Before killing the Christians, Nero would dress them in furs to be killed as animals while others were crucified. Christians were seen as mere animals in the eyes of Nero. The Letter of the Churches of Vienne and Lyons According to Ferguson, this letter is considered one of the most important letters of second-century martyr literature. â€Å"The persecution at Lyons is notable (1) for the first-hand account of the rage of the populace that resulted in exceedingly brutal experiences for Christians and (2) for a large number of martyrs, the Roman citizens beheaded and the rest condemned to the wild beast contests in the area.† Decius and Valerian The Roman empire fell on economic hard times, and in the fall of 249 A. You read "Persecution in the Early Church" in category "Papers" D. Caius Messius Decius became head of the Roman Empire. Decius concluded that Roman gods had been neglected. He affirmed that the solution the Empire needed, was that all Roman temples should be reopened, and that all citizens needed to show their allegiance to the gods of Rome by worshiping at the shrines. The Christians refused to worship at the shrines, and their refusal was seen as an act of treason. Christianity, in the view of the emperor, had become a detriment to Roman society. When Valerian superseded Decius, within time it was clear that his agenda â€Å"was to destroy Christianity.† However, both Valerian and Decius true motives for wanting to get rid of Christianity were based seemingly on economic principles on the basis of trying to avoid further economic ruin. The suppression strengthened rather than weaken Christianity at the hands of Decius and Valerian. â€Å"For public opinion condemned the government’s violence and applauded the passive resistance of the Christian.† Once again, the relentless efforts of the Emperors failed at destroying Christianity. At this time many Christians defied the Roman government and the bishops of Antioch, Jerusalem, and Rome were executed. Diocletian and Galerius (303-324)Diocletian is considered by historians to be one of the most brutal persecutors of Christians. Although he helped restore efficiency in government processes, such as but not limited to the economy, military, and administration, he also gave the order to eliminate Christianity from the Roman Empire (the irony of this is that his wife, Prisca, and his daughter, Valeria, were considered Christians), burn scriptures, ban Christian gatherings, and tear down church buildings. Diocletian also ordered the leaders of the church to be tortured, imprisoned and put to death. Galerius, the son-in-law of Diocletian (married to Valeria), and the Caesar who ruled the eastern part of the empire, was the one who convinced Diocletian to begin the persecution. By the year 311, Galerius came to finally realize the ineffectiveness of his attempt to wipe out Christianity. Although there were many Christians who recanted their faith in Christianity in the middle of facing martyrdom, thousands did not recant, and paid the ultimate price for the faith in Christ with their own blood. In effect, as persecution persisted, more and more Christians died for their faith. Diocletian’s reign is considered one of the â€Å"last great persecution of the Christian church.† Some of the Reasons for PersecutionOne of the main reasons for hostility towards Christians was that the Christian ethic in itself was a criticism of pagan life. The Roman persecutions many times were in part, dependent on the political atmosphere. Moreover, â€Å"Out of the fifty-four emperors who ruled from 30 and 311, only about a twelve, persecuted Christians. . . It has been calculated that between the first persecution under Nero in 64 to the Edit of Milan in 313, Christians went through almost 130 years of persecution.† The Christian ethic went against all the pagan and immoral way of living propagated by the Roman Empire. Fundamental to the Christian lifestyle was the rejection of pagan gods. Both the Greeks and Romans had gods for all the natural and man-made elements. The denial of these elements â€Å"marked the followers of Jesus as â€Å"enemies of the human race.† Amongst other things, â€Å"Christians were accused of sexual sins and cannibalism.† Ferguson writes, â€Å"The presence of Christians had been the occasion of disturbance in Rome. Christian teaching threatened pagan society during the reign of Claudius. . . Under Nero, and in response to other blaming him for the great fire that destroyed much of Rome (64 AD), Nero blamed and punished Christians for the fire.† After Nero, Domitian was remembered in Christian writing as the next persecuting emperor. Correspondence between Pliny the Younger (governor of Bithynia the emperor, Trajan, states that Pliny executed those Christians who did not deny their Christian faith. In spite of all the efforts to eliminate and suppress Christianity, it remained a peaceful and powerful group in the Roman Empire. The author Alannis Nobbs states, â€Å"It is attested by the growing number of fragments of earlier Christian literary papyri, and it confirms the rapid spread of Christian activity.† One by one the persecutors of the Christians passed away, yet, Christianity kept growing. William Tabbernne writes of Eusebius, â€Å"God’s restraining hand can always be replaced once God’s purposes have been served, forcing evil tyrants, such as Maximinus II, to stop persecuting. More importantly, God can also raised up pro Christian Emperors, such as Constantine, who will protect, rather than persecute the church.† The push of Christianity was so powerful that its converts included Roman Emperors. Reasons why Christianity Spread in the First Couple of Centuries after Christ’s DeathAgainst all logic, the spread of Christianity should have been stopped by the immoral belief systems of many Roman Emperors and the waves of persecution that bombarded the early church. Phillip Schaff writes: The chief positive cause of the rapid spread and ultimate triumph of Christianity is to be found in its own absolute intrinsic worth, as the universal religion of salvation, and in the perfect teaching and example of its divine-human Founder, who proves himself to every believing heart a Savior from sin and a giver of eternal life. Christianity is adapted to all classes, conditions, and relations among men, to all nationalities and races, to all grades of culture, to every soul that longs for redemption from sin, and for holiness of life. Its value could be seen in the truth and self-evidencing power of its doctrines; in the purity and sublimity of its precepts; in its regenerating and sanctifying effects on heart and life; in the elevation of woman and of home life over which she presides; in the amelioration of the condition of the poor and suffering; in the faith, the brotherly love, the beneficence, and the triumphant death of its confessors. With or without persecution, Christianity would have continued to spread throughout the world. Persecution either affirmed the early church in what they stood for or it drove them away. The moral teachings and power of the gospel brought hope to an empire that was on a downward spiral into immorality and economic ruin. People in general grew weary of the evil that was associated with the pagan gods, their own personal struggles, and the decline and cruelties of the Roman Emperors. What Christianity had to offer back then, as it does now, is hope. Not hope, for hope’s sake, but hope in the very person for whom they were being persecuted. A hope not just for this physical life but for the eternal life offered by Christ. Christianity condemned the immoral practices of the Roman culture. The Christian appeal was one of loving your neighbor and your enemy. This ethic stood in stern contrast to the ideal or philosophy of that time. It was one of preserving not only the unity of marriage but the unity of the family. Most of the apostolic leadership lost their lives for the type of life that Christ offered. However, being a follower of Christ came at a cost. The apostle Paul wrote, â€Å"everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted† (2 Tim. 3:12). The apostle John wrote that Jesus said, if they persecuted Him, they will also persecute His followers (John 15:20). The Roman empire was one bent on the pursuit of wealth, pleasure, sensuality, and self-gain and self-interest. If truth is said, modern society has not changed much. Jesus said, â€Å"If the world hates you, keep in mind that it hated me first. If you belonged to the world, it would love you as its own. As it is, you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world. That is why the world hates you† (John 15:18-19). It is these types of enduring words that were etched in the hearts of those who were persecuted in the early church. Christians subscribed to a different lifestyle than what Roman society offered. What did Roman society offer? The apostle Peter says, â€Å"For you have spent enough time in the past doing what pagans choose to do, living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing and detestable idolatry. They are surprised that you do not join them in their reckless, wild living, and they heap abuse on you† (1 Pet. 4:3-4). Peter depicts the current state of affairs of Roman society, and the reasons why Christians were hated and persecuted. For these and many other reasons the early church grew and multiplied until Rome could no longer ignore, suppress, kill off, the faith of those who were followers of Christ. Conclusion The early church grew for many reasons. Although persecution was not a willfully invited reason but rather one that was forced upon them, it is clear that despite hostility and persecution, Christianity continued to grow exponentially across the Roman Empire. An almost unwilling fact and the irony of the persecution is that the more the early church was persecuted, it continues to multiply. Terullian, was on point in saying â€Å"the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church.† This same seed is being planted today in many countries who are both tolerant and intolerant to Christianity. The modern church just like the early church can continue to grow if their faith is anchored in Christ. It was true of then as is today. Christians who are faithful did not and will not compromise their faith anyone or anything. The Roman Empire could not sustain its decline and offered no answers to the question of salvation. The intolerance of Christianity helped it spread more because every time Christians rejected what the pagan driven culture offered, they had the opportunity to proclaim their faith in the risen Savior. It is important to also not that most of the early Christian converts were not only Jews but mostly Gentiles. These Gentiles were tired of the pagan religions of Rome and did not want to convert to Judaism (mainly because of its male circumcision and various laws on personal diet). Unlike most religions, Christianity offered something most didn’t at the time, and this was Salvation. Salvation was maintained through accepting and remaining faithful to Christ. The light of many shined through faithfulness and was highlighted even more during their persecution. How to cite Persecution in the Early Church, Papers

Henley Management College Essay Research Paper By free essay sample

Henley Management College Essay, Research Paper By Professor Ray Wilde in London = Ask anyone under 50 in any moderately successful administration and they will state you that concern life is dramatically different from two or three old ages ago. Work is longer, harder and unending. A Management Today Ceridian study studies that more than 76 per cent of UK directors said they wanted to pass more clip making other things ; 50 per cent of work forces and 65 per cent of adult females claim that work leaves them drained of energy. This state of affairs is non likely to better. The implicit in grounds for the alterations # 8211 ; the increasing velocity of communicating and internationalization of concern # 8211 ; are here to remain. Add to this the personal and fiscal aspirations of people in a globalised roar economic system and we have the formula for a powerful acquisitive civilization that sets the gait for everything else. Nor can we number on an inflow of new housemans. We will write a custom essay sample on Henley Management College Essay Research Paper By or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is a critical and long-run endowment shortage. Surveies of the # 8220 ; war for endowment # 8221 ; propose that three-fourthss of administrations now have # 8220 ; deficient # 8221 ; or a # 8220 ; chronic # 8221 ; deficit of endowment # 8211 ; and that the demand for gifted executives will increase by a 3rd in the old ages in front, when the figure of campaigners in their mid 20s to mid 30s will really worsen. However, the hereafter of concern depends on these new people supported by the current coevals of directors coping with corporate alteration. But, what qualities will budding directors bring to the party? Many more people are now engaged in constructing advanced concerns. These are hungry and acquisitive people, acute to do their grade and their luck. But unlike their precursors they are unafraid plenty to bear the hazard of failure and confident plenty to larn from their errors and travel on. They are non needfully affluent, but they know that they are valuable. They thrive on uncertainness and value merriment and exhilaration instead than societal and domestic stableness. They are frequently the # 8220 ; back pack # 8221 ; coevals, who figure that chancing two or three old ages of their early calling is like going the universe in the pre-university # 8220 ; spread # 8221 ; twelvemonth # 8211 ; unpredictable, hazardous, inspiring and character edifice. Business in the twenty-first century demands such people. Britain is non blessed with a oversupply of such risk-takers. Research for Eastern Energy suggests that we are still a state of # 8220 ; hazard avoiders # 8221 ; , so we should possibly cultivate those who show more entrepreneurial inclinations. Others, caught up in the new fortunes of making concern, will either hold learned, or failed, to populate with them. These are non new people but â€Å"converted† people. A Henley Management College study ( Management in the New Economy ) has shown that the competences required of such people are IT accomplishments, creativeness, strategic thought and e-commerce consciousness. Staff will non accept direction indecisiveness, deficiency of focal point and directors concealing behind closed doors. Directors are likely to see changed functions as a consequence of the progressively sophisticated application of engineering in support countries. For illustration, human resources ( HR ) systems that have enabled staff authorization have radically reduced the HR map itself. This has led to line directors going responsible for those people direction aspects non readily automated. The decease of the buying map is being predicted as systems make it executable to return the undertaking to the point at which purchases are to be used. This implies the demand for directors to hold a broader apprehension and a more rounded concern function. Administrations must spot non merely what types of people they need, but besides how to maintain them. Loyalty and committedness can non be assumed. Whatever the state of affairs, whether in start-up or in an constituted concern, work life balance will be a cardinal direction issue. Womans have traditionally been more expert at confronting the battle to equilibrate their callings and households. But as the new economic system takes hold, work forces excessively, will hold to cover with this. So, are adult females better prepared to get by in the new concern universe? Ask Marjorie Scardino at Pearson, Carly Fiorina at Hewlett Packard, Hilary Cropper and Jo Connell at FI Group and 100s of other adult females who are now in charge of a one-fourth of the little and avera ge sized endeavors on which the hereafter of concern depend. Their clip direction accomplishments, sharpened by old ages of juggle place and work precedences, and their superior emotional intelligence, are of import constituents to the success of companies in the new concern universe. Equally long as the new economic system continues to turn and make new types of occupations, the long-overdue acclivity of adult females at the nucleus and top of administrations is inevitable. [ Professor Ray Wild is chief of Henley Management College in the UK ] ( 2000/10/17,09:13 )

Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s “Concrete Angel” Essay Example

Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Child abuse is a escalating problem in the United States. According to the National Child Abuse Statistics, four children die every day from abuse, and three out of four of these children are under the age of four (Childhelp 2006). Three million cases of child abuse are reported in the United States every year, but some experts believe that there are at least three times as many cases that are not reported (Childhelp 2006). In 2003, country singer Martina McBride released a single song to radio that brought the topic of child abuse to the forefront of many listeners minds (Fabian 2007). This song was entitled â€Å"Concrete Angel.† â€Å"Concrete Angel† is the story of a young, school aged girl who is suffering from physical abuse at the hands of her parents. The child in the song shows signs of abuse such as wearing the same clothes every day, attempting to cover bruises, and crying out in the night (Yahoo! Music 2007). Despite a teacher and neighbors noticing that there may be a problem, they never attempt to ask the child or intervene on her behalf (Yahoo! Music 2007). Because of their hesitancy to become involved, the girl dies from abuse. All that is left of her by the end of the song is a grave that is marked with a â€Å"concrete angel† (Yahoo! Music 2007). The term â€Å"concrete angel† also applied to the child while she was alive. She was unable to â€Å"rise above† her terrible circumstances, but â€Å"dreams (gave) her wings† and in those dreams she would â€Å"fly to a place where she’s loved† (Yahoo! Music 2007). This, in the minds of the songwriter s, was the very definition of a â€Å"concrete angelâ€Å" (Feek 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The songwriters who penned â€Å"Concrete Angel† are Rob Crosby and Stephanie Bentley (Feek 2006). Some people incorrectly believe that Martina McBride both wrote and recorded the song, but that fact could be attributed to McBride’s involvement with child abuse charities after the song was released. Crosby was interviewed about the writing of the song after McBride released it. He told interviewers that Bentley had the idea of placing a â€Å"concrete angel† in a song, but they initially did not know who the angel should be (Feek 2006). A few possibilities were tossed around until they came up with the idea for an abused child (Feek 2006). Crosby stated that he and Bentley felt that the song had touched a lot of people (Feek 2006). In addition to the song, the music video that accompanied it gave the number for Child Help USA at the end (Feek 2006). Crosby related that he had been told of instances where an abused child had seen the video and called the number th emselves (Feek 2006). He said that the knowledge that the song had a positive impact was very â€Å"gratifying† (Feek 2006). After Martina McBride released â€Å"Concrete Angel† on a greatest hits album, people began to send stories and words of thanks by email and posts to her website (Fabian 2007). Some of these people were social workers and child abuse investigators, but many were survivors of child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride was already involved with the National Domestic Violence Hotline through her songs â€Å"Broken Wing† and â€Å"Independence Day,† but the response to â€Å"Concrete Angel† made her want to become more involved with groups preventing child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). This led to her involvement with the Prevent Child Abuse America campaign (Frontpage Publicity 2007). Not only did she use the song â€Å"Concrete Angel† to stir others to action, but she also taped a personal plea for help and action to find child abuse sufferers and save them from their fate (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride’s actions have no doubt sav ed many abused women and children. She seems to choose songs that focus on problems plaguing the world, such as abuse, addiction, and poverty. Even though the songs are not always a commercial success, McBride is able to say that she uses her gift of music for more than just the money it can bring. She uses her beautiful voice to bring help to the needy, and hope to the hopeless. Unfortunately, despite the moving words of â€Å"Concrete Angel,† child abuse cases continue to rise. It seems that the song has not made a large impact on abusers, but every little bit helps. More than a few victims of abuse have been changed over to crusaders against abuse. Many people who did not realize what an enormous problem child abuse in the United States was have been educated, and hopefully some have been moved to report seeing children who look unusually bruised and unkempt to the proper authorities. In fact, the rise in the number of reported child abuse cases could be looked at as a hopeful thing instead of a tragedy. Perhaps people have been encouraged to report child abuse since â€Å"Concrete Angel† moved Martina McBride to bring the issue into the spotlight. When all is said and done, â€Å"Concrete Angel† put child abuse out into the open and served as a shock to people who would have rather not heard such a heart wrenching song. Because it got a lot of airplay on many different types of radio, many people were exposed to the shocking lyrics. Many more saw the music video and paid attention, even thought it was very hard to watch. Even though the writers did not even start out writing a song about child abuse, they felt that once they had the idea the song basically â€Å"wrote itself† (Feek 2006). We cannot ever be sure of how many people were saved by this unplanned song, but we do know its impact on the world. It has moved many people to activism, and perhaps one day we will be able to see a positive change in the number of child abuse cases. If we do, we can thank people like Rob Crosby, Stephanie Bentley, and Martina McBride. When people put need over potential commercial success, a lot of good can come from it. †Å"Concrete Angel† has become a rallying cry for many, and perhaps it will save many children from the fate of becoming a â€Å"concrete angel.† Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Example Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Child abuse is a escalating problem in the United States. According to the National Child Abuse Statistics, four children die every day from abuse, and three out of four of these children are under the age of four (Childhelp 2006). Three million cases of child abuse are reported in the United States every year, but some experts believe that there are at least three times as many cases that are not reported (Childhelp 2006). In 2003, country singer Martina McBride released a single song to radio that brought the topic of child abuse to the forefront of many listeners minds (Fabian 2007). This song was entitled â€Å"Concrete Angel.† â€Å"Concrete Angel† is the story of a young, school aged girl who is suffering from physical abuse at the hands of her parents. The child in the song shows signs of abuse such as wearing the same clothes every day, attempting to cover bruises, and crying out in the night (Yahoo! Music 2007). Despite a teacher and neighbors noticing that there may be a problem, they never attempt to ask the child or intervene on her behalf (Yahoo! Music 2007). Because of their hesitancy to become involved, the girl dies from abuse. All that is left of her by the end of the song is a grave that is marked with a â€Å"concrete angel† (Yahoo! Music 2007). The term â€Å"concrete angel† also applied to the child while she was alive. She was unable to â€Å"rise above† her terrible circumstances, but â€Å"dreams (gave) her wings† and in those dreams she would â€Å"fly to a place where she’s loved† (Yahoo! Music 2007). This, in the minds of the songwriter s, was the very definition of a â€Å"concrete angelâ€Å" (Feek 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The songwriters who penned â€Å"Concrete Angel† are Rob Crosby and Stephanie Bentley (Feek 2006). Some people incorrectly believe that Martina McBride both wrote and recorded the song, but that fact could be attributed to McBride’s involvement with child abuse charities after the song was released. Crosby was interviewed about the writing of the song after McBride released it. He told interviewers that Bentley had the idea of placing a â€Å"concrete angel† in a song, but they initially did not know who the angel should be (Feek 2006). A few possibilities were tossed around until they came up with the idea for an abused child (Feek 2006). Crosby stated that he and Bentley felt that the song had touched a lot of people (Feek 2006). In addition to the song, the music video that accompanied it gave the number for Child Help USA at the end (Feek 2006). Crosby related that he had been told of instances where an abused child had seen the video and called the number th emselves (Feek 2006). He said that the knowledge that the song had a positive impact was very â€Å"gratifying† (Feek 2006). After Martina McBride released â€Å"Concrete Angel† on a greatest hits album, people began to send stories and words of thanks by email and posts to her website (Fabian 2007). Some of these people were social workers and child abuse investigators, but many were survivors of child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride was already involved with the National Domestic Violence Hotline through her songs â€Å"Broken Wing† and â€Å"Independence Day,† but the response to â€Å"Concrete Angel† made her want to become more involved with groups preventing child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). This led to her involvement with the Prevent Child Abuse America campaign (Frontpage Publicity 2007). Not only did she use the song â€Å"Concrete Angel† to stir others to action, but she also taped a personal plea for help and action to find child abuse sufferers and save them from their fate (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride’s actions have no doubt sav ed many abused women and children. She seems to choose songs that focus on problems plaguing the world, such as abuse, addiction, and poverty. Even though the songs are not always a commercial success, McBride is able to say that she uses her gift of music for more than just the money it can bring. She uses her beautiful voice to bring help to the needy, and hope to the hopeless. Unfortunately, despite the moving words of â€Å"Concrete Angel,† child abuse cases continue to rise. It seems that the song has not made a large impact on abusers, but every little bit helps. More than a few victims of abuse have been changed over to crusaders against abuse. Many people who did not realize what an enormous problem child abuse in the United States was have been educated, and hopefully some have been moved to report seeing children who look unusually bruised and unkempt to the proper authorities. In fact, the rise in the number of reported child abuse cases could be looked at as a hopeful thing instead of a tragedy. Perhaps people have been encouraged to report child abuse since â€Å"Concrete Angel† moved Martina McBride to bring the issue into the spotlight. When all is said and done, â€Å"Concrete Angel† put child abuse out into the open and served as a shock to people who would have rather not heard such a heart wrenching song. Because it got a lot of airplay on many different types of radio, many people were exposed to the shocking lyrics. Many more saw the music video and paid attention, even thought it was very hard to watch. Even though the writers did not even start out writing a song about child abuse, they felt that once they had the idea the song basically â€Å"wrote itself† (Feek 2006). We cannot ever be sure of how many people were saved by this unplanned song, but we do know its impact on the world. It has moved many people to activism, and perhaps one day we will be able to see a positive change in the number of child abuse cases. If we do, we can thank people like Rob Crosby, Stephanie Bentley, and Martina McBride. When people put need over potential commercial success, a lot of good can come from it. †Å"Concrete Angel† has become a rallying cry for many, and perhaps it will save many children from the fate of becoming a â€Å"concrete angel.†

Exploratory research Essay Example

Exploratory research Essay Example Exploratory research Essay Exploratory research Essay equipment cost ,location Their budget for the advertisement, media promotion employees bonus, and customer loyalty plans and the other resources as well like: Suppliers can give information about market trends, motorists activities, popular sales products, price negotiations and supply quantities. Contractors can give feedback on client attitude. They can tell you what type of gardening are popular in these days. Networks will inform of industry activities, innovation, new products and services techniques and new markets. Satisfaction levels for customers services product quality, availability, advice, response, time and pricing. 2. 3 Possible Research location According to the case study D. A garden is located in main road, opposite a small shopping centre thats include a supermarket, departments store, cafe ND 12 specialty shops. Large Bunging store is also located in 2 kilometers down the road. We have to analysis of opportunities area and trying to improve that area, and also find the weakness from the previous data and overcame that for the future. 2. 4 Planned research methodologies. Exploratory research aimed at gaining a better understanding of a problem or factors surrounding the problem. Exploratory research often concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist.. The Internet allows for research methods that are more interactive in nature. Exploratory research often relies n secondary research such as reviewing available literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or pilot studies. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Descriptive research obtains information and data in the form of facts and figures related to a specific topic or problem. Descriptive research is replanted and provides definitive data that can used to draw conclusions. Descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity. The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is to conduct a survey investigation. Descriptive research may include observation and survey. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused a situation. Causal research involves a ambition of exploratory and descriptive research. This research is aimed at identifying cause and effect relationships between actions and reactions. Casual research might include searching for something on the Internet or giving data of any organization. It differs from scientific research that is considerably more formal and rigorous in nature and causal research that investigates the effect of one thing on another, the data or information we got from the customers, suppliers and other sources from that information we have to change the market strategy of D. A gardening for profit minimization. 2. The sample size and nature of your sample They are getting 200 to 300 hundred customers in day they are trying to do best in a future and they want 400 hundred customers in a day You can come here and enjoy our products. Weekly Monthly Daily Questioners could be given to Customers who visit the cafe so their demand could be known or customers in the shopping centre or in the cafe could be observed to know which type of food is most demanded by the customer. Nature of sample they have 1400 hundred regular customers in a weak and they want to be around 2000 customer in a weak. 2. 6 The time required and available The time constraints at the project scoping stage refer to the conflict the sometimes occurs between the estimated time that the research will take, and the available time that the client is willing to allow. This time should refer to how quickly they are expecting results. (8) Data Gathering Approach Quantitative because figures are needed for better research to be done 3. 1 Types of Data required Primary research data means seeking data that does not already exist. It is getting original data that is not available anywhere else and can only be obtained by communication with people or making observation about people ND situations . Primary data is usually the most expensive form of data gathering. It is also most valuable, as the data gathered for a specific organization. Three basic means of obtaining primary data are observation, surveys, and experiments. The choice will be influenced by the nature of the problem and by the availability of time and money. In D. A. Gardening the survey method is useful then other two. Secondary research data is always easier and cheaper to obtain than primary data but it should always be critically evaluated prior to use. Secondary research means seeking data that already exists, such as facts and figures. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research Sources of data Internal data Customer database past marketing data and/or reports Competitor information gathered by staff. External data Information from publications, such as those available through a literature search Data and information collected by industry experts ,trade associations, r professional associations Information and data from government sources such as the Australian bureau of statistics. Data Gathering Methods Focus group, literature search, Questionnaire surveys, news paper. Quantifying data Sampling is a process where a small portion of the population is used to collect data from Sampling is a process where a small portion of population is used to collect data from which judgments are made about the entire population Because if you were hired to find out how customers evaluated the store compared to competitors, would you try to contact everyone that lives and works in the local area.

Marriage, Divorce and Childrens Adjustment Literature review

Marriage, Divorce and Childrens Adjustment - Literature review Example The next issue the title addresses is divorce and this is the core of the text book. The textbook will essential talk about divorce and how it affects the family in general. The next bit of the title addresses children and this is because the book is essentially talking of the effects of divorce on children and how it takes toll on their lives. The last bit of the title addresses adjustment and this is related to children after the divorce. In general the title is well phrased and tackles all the ideas that are presented in the book by showing us the logical flow of ideas as in what leads to what and who gets affected and the final outcome. Book titles are supposed to be informative and give the reader an idea about the book. The reader should be able to deduce what the book is talking about from the title. This is because the title is the first selling point of the book. The book begins with an editor’s introduction. The editor begins with an overview of the subject of child development expressing his views that the topic has attracted scholars in the field to examine it. The editor speaks of the problem of the state of the family institution in the United States speaking of the problems that it is facing and how they are affecting children. He goes ahead to mention the problem of divorce citing its far reaching consequences that it has had on children and adolescent development and thus necessitating a closer examination into the causes of some of the problems in marriage that lead to divorce and how children are affected and what can be done to ease the situation (Emery, 1999, pp. ix-x). The introduction has essentially given us a direction on the scope of the book as it tackles child development issues and how the family as a whole plays an important role in the development and well being of the child. So far in the introduction, various aspects are said to be covered in the text and the scope proposed by the editor does not present any limitations. The editor says that the book is part of a series of books in child development and says that various aspects have been covered in the previous book. Given the fact that this is a second edition means that the author has developed his ideas well and no aspect of the subject has been left behind. The preface helps to bring the message home by explaining the aspect of divorce and how it should be understood. The author picks the subject from a neutral point of view presenting his experiences and those of others and explaining that some of these aspects are multidisciplinary and should be looked at from various angles in order to get a better understanding. The table of contents in any book should be the guiding factor for the reader to easily get information from the book. The table of contents should have a simple flow that shows the development of ideas from one stage to another. This book has a well structured table of contents that has a chronological flow of ideas. The book has d ivided its contents into seven chapters. Chapter one presents an overview of divorce and various perspectives on children and divorce. Chapter two sets out by examining the cultural, historical, and demographic perspective of the issue of divorce and this is based on the United States (Emery, 1999, pp. 5-20). Chapter three presents research findings and shows the methodology that was used in conducting the research concerning divorce, marriage and children adjustment (Emery, 1999, pp. 21-30). Chapter four then looks at how children adjust after divorce and breaks them down into a number of problems that are individually addressed. It also looks at the issues that result in divorce such as intimacy and emotional problems (Emery, 1999, pp.

The Impact of Privatisation on Sustainability of Water in the United Essay

The Impact of Privatisation on Sustainability of Water in the United Arab Emirates - Essay Example Thus keeping a sustainable water supply in place is essential for the future of the country. Interviews have a number of strengths and weaknesses associated with them. Among the strengths are the ability to gauge both the knowledge and attitudes of the respondents, and also how the two influence one another. The weakness is that these are purely qualitative in nature, and so cannot produce quantitative, empirical evidence as to the state of the water supply and sustainability in the UAE. This study involved 29 interviews divided evenly between Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Fujairah: the three major cities in the UAE. As will be illustrated, there were contrasts both intra- and inter- city in the attitudes towards and knowledge of sustainable water supplies. It is these attitudes that will be so important in the decades to come as creating a sustainable water supply is as much a matter for the general population as it is for the government of a country. Sustainability can only occur with the active cooperation of the population, without this it is merely a pleasant but empty ideal with no practical basis. It is interesting to note the variety of responses to both the definition of â€Å"sustainability† and how the respondents expanded on â€Å"what is important with regards to sustainability?† The definitions range from the simple to the complex to the comprehensive. Thus AUH1 states simply, â€Å"Sustainability for water means you use only the renewable resources that you cannot affect or deteriorate your water resources which is not here applicable in Abu Dhabi Emirate because the demand is more than water production and we rely on ground water which is not renewable.† Apart from the difference in style of reply, it is obvious that AUH1 places the definition of sustainability clearly (and solely) within the human context of whether â€Å"everyone† has a secure and safe

Federalism and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Federalism and Business - Essay Example A federal system is favourable than a unitary one because the state territories can be used as laboratories to try out business policy changes such as several fusions of laws, technological adjustments and tax policies. New policies are important to promote competitiveness as time goes by. It is easier for a federal government to perform experiments on policy changes since it can use a selected state as a ‘lab rat’. This experimentation phenomenon has been successfully used severally in the UK in health, education and economic policies (Martin & Sanderson, 1999, 249). If a policy leads to better business performance in the selected state, it can then be used throughout the regions. If disastrous, the federal government can correct or control the effects more economically unlike a central government. Centralized governments employ more of similar policies in the entire area of governance. They are therefore reluctant to try out new policies due to extensive risks likely t o affect the entire economy (Rich & William, 2002, 58). State governments have more information on their constituents’ needs than the central government. Presumably, decentralized governments are closer to their constituents and are more likely to have better knowledge of local cost conditions and preferences. If such information is publicized, businesses can be able to take advantage of the market niche that needs to be filled. Even though the central government can theoretically employ local agents, they will probably have less political incentive to put into account their constituents’ needs above those of local government agents. The states will therefore have a relative advantage over the central government in experimentation and creating variation.... The states will therefore have a relative advantage over the central government in experimentation and creating variation. Federalized governments are better supervisors of business and business related activities. This is as a result of reduction in complexities associated with bureaucracies in centralized governments. Federal governments can therefore be said to be more effective in performing their supervisory duties to the public. According to Lord Bryce in Zavodnyik, 2011 (p65 - 68), the growth in civil order in the United States has been as a result of state governments ability to closely monitor affairs of the citizens than congress was. As per Zavodnyik, this is one of the factors which drove USA to being one of the largest and most organized economies in the world. The US through its states system can better enforce business contracts in the states. It can also perform more effective control in the respective state markets due to ‘closeness’ of the government to the people. This reduces counterfeits and the number of transactions performed in the black market. Fabbrini 2009, in the book ‘Democracy and Federalism in the European Union and the United States: Exploring Post-National Governance’ seconds this pointing the US and UK as the countries with the lowest levels of counterfeit products in their territorial markets. Even though the governments may use the federal government to reduce illegal trades in order to maximize on the amount of taxes it collects, this promotes businesses whose markets are put at risk by counterfeits and illegal transactions which are expensive (European Center for Security Studies, 2010, 103). This creates a conducive breeding ground for businesses since it means less bureaucracy and red tape measures which

The Safety Measure In Malaysia Construction Construction Essay

The Safety Measure In Malaysia Construction Construction Essay In order to reduce the accident rate in construction industry, many government statutory bodies and local authorities play their role on enforce the legislation on the issue of safety and health in construction industry. But the result show that the accident rates in construction industry involve death and injury is still high. On the other word mean, the rate still in anxiety level. So research on safety issue in Malaysia construction need to be conduct to identify why the accident rates still in anxiety level. Aim To study on the safety measure in Malaysia Construction during period of construction be carry out. Objective To study on the safety management in construction. To study hazard and risk in construction site. To study the safety act, regulation and guideline in construction site. Background Construction industry has been classified as a high risk industry due to there is a high risk of accident always happen during the activity is conduct. The reasons is safety and health issues is always been looking as a second factors compare to time, cost and quality that always be considered as the main factors in the construction industry. The other reason is that many employers just concentrate on maximizing the profit instead of established on prevention accident policy. Due to the actual cost cannot be estimate until the accident is happen, so the employer do not emphasize to this safety. Accident rate still consider is high in Malaysia construction industry based on the statistics of the accidents in the construction industry reported by the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO). This high rate of accident is give bad impression that the construction industry is the most critical industry and it need a huge and fast evolution from the current safety practices method in construc tion activity. In order to prevent or reduce the accident from happen, one must identify first on the causes of that accident is happen only can take the action to overcome it. Therefore, a few acts and regulations is introduce to control the accident matter and also as a guidance not only for the employer; it also for the contractors. The few acts is Occupational Safety and Health 1994 (OSHA) and Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA). These two acts are under the Ministry of Human Resource and is enforcing by the Department of Health and Safety Malaysia. This is few functions by the Department of Health and Safety Malaysia: To help increase the awareness to workers, employers, contractors and the general public about the occupational safety and health. To formulate and review on safety and health policy of occupational safety and health. To carry out research at the workplace on issue related to occupational safety and health. To ensure workers and visitors of their safety and health and also the welfare at construction workplace. To become the secretary regarding occupational safety and health (Department of Health and Safety Malaysia, 2009) Basically the workers or visitors get injure is normally at construction workplace or construction site. So in order to make sure workers or visitors is safe, it is the employers obligation to provide safe workplace. Provide safe workplace also help to reduce or prevent the accident from happen and resulting people get injured. Occupational safety and health also list that the employers responsible to provide a safe workplace under the section 15 General duties of employers and self-employed persons to their employees. Under the section 15, the employers and self-employed should: It should be the responsibility of every employers and every self-employed person to ensure, the safety, health and welfare at workplace of all his employees so far as it is practicable. (Department of Health and Safety Malaysia, 2009) Methodology Literature Review Can be defined as any resources such as documents, journals that available to be select in order to fulfil the objectives which contain data and evidence that written by other students in their previous research. The data from the literature reviews is known as the secondary data due to the data is obtained from other sources. Documentary study (statistic) The data is collect from the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) and Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) in form of statistic about the accident happen. In the statistic also is also show that the construction industry is the most high risk compares to other industry. Case study Three construction sites is be identify to allow for conduct the case study about the accident happen to help complete this project. It is important to help construction site in effort to reduce or prevent the accident from happen in construction site. It also let people know whether that construction site is follow or comply to the guide that is be introduce by Occupational Safety and Health 1994 (OSHA) and Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA). Organization of The Dissertation Chapter 1 Introduction In this chapter is introducing the background of the construction industry, and some of the objectives that need to be fulfilling in order to complete the project. Besides that, this chapter also mention on how the research method that be use to collect data or information and how to finish this project. Chapter 2 Literature Review In this chapter, it focuses on how to fulfil the objective that already mention inside the chapter1. To complete the objective, data is be collect true the articles, journals, books that related with the project topic. Chapter 3 Methodology In this chapter, is state the method on how to gather the data or information such as gets it from statistic which obtained from Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) and Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Result In this chapter, it focuses on the research methodology by analysis the data or information is collect inside the chapter 2. Chapter 5 Discussion and Conclusion In this chapter, the overall of the project is been summarise. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Construction industry is the most risky and hazardous compare with other industry. Due to its risky and hazardous, construction is seeing as accident-prone industry. Therefore, accident will just happen from time to time during construction project. Accidents will just happen at construction site and at every where especially in high rise construction project. Reasons is time, cost and quality always become the main factors to be considered ahead of safety. A safety issue is always being considered as secondary in the construction. Many employers do not established comprehensive to the accident prevention policies but instead their more focus on maximizing the profit. They do not emphasize on safety because they cannot estimate the actual cost of an accident until it occurs. The statistics of accidents occurred in the construction industry indicate that the accident rate in Malaysian construction industry is still high and it give a picture that construction industry is one of the cr itical sectors that need a huge and fast overhaul from the current site safety practices. Once the construction accidents happen, it will produce many problems; such as workers become demotivation, delay of project activity, and also will affect the cost of the project, productivity and the construction industry reputation also been affected (Mohamed, 1999). The first reason for this research is to understand appropriate management for safety improvements to minimize the accident rate in construction industry. Concerning the safety aspects within construction industry, it is apparent that the implementation of safety best practices is still far from good. An accident is an unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of events, which occurs through a combination of causes; it results in physical harm (injury or disease) to an individual, damage to property or environment, a loss or any combination of these effects. Thus, if no safety and health management for the project, that project may totally failure and the cost for that project will become over budget. Second, this research is to discuss about the hazards that may occur on construction site. Accident dont just happen, they are caused. According to Ridley 99 per cent of the accident are caused by either unsafe acts or unsafe conditions or both (Ridley, 1986). Hazards will also much contributed to the accidents. Hazard should be properly understood by safety players as well as construction players and workers. Many people were not much pay attention on hazard at construction site. Again, the stigma of the people was thought that the construction industry cannot be run away from the three 3-D syndromes namely dirty, dangerous and difficult. This mindset should be turning over to more realistic and harmonisation in construction towards sustainable construction and make the construction is rather creating wealth. Lastly, this research is to discuss about the enforcement of Act and Regulation in Malaysian to the construction industry. There are few act and regulation related to this health and safety in Malaysia and this act and regulation are enforcing by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Although, extensive efforts have been taken in order to reduce the accident rate by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), yet the statistic data shows it still not seen any improvement in the number of accident on construction activity. Mostly in Malaysia, the construction industry is just follow the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994 and Factories and Machinery Act (FMA 1967). 2.2 Construction safety management Construction industry is the most risky and it contribute high accident rate that had cause fatality. Therefore, it very important for the industry to follow / apply safety and health management to reduce the accident rate issue. Accidents can be happen at any time, at anywhere, on any construction activity to any people in the construction site or else to outside people. Safety management involving few functions that include of planning, identifying the problem areas, coordinating, controlling and directing the safety activities on workplace, all aimed at the prevention of accidents (figure 1). Figure 1: Safety organization and management must cover all aspects of the employers or the contractors operations According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson a successful health and safety management system consist of the following element which is policy, organisation, planning, measurement, and auditing and reviewing. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they were mentioned that how to ensure the safety and health management become successful. successful health and safety management systems require the following components: The organisation of all employees for management of safety and health The establishment of a clear policy for safety and health The safety and health performance be measure The planning for safety and health by setting objectives and targets, identifying hazards, assessing risk and establishing standards against which the organisation can measure performance The auditing and reviewing of safety performance and practice, in order to inform improvement. (Howarth and Watson, 2009) According to Tey (1999), among the importance of safety is to minimise the probability of accident and disease from happen to the workers. Thus, the workers can perform their works more conductively and be able to complete the project as scheduled. It is also to ensure the progress of work is flow smoothly on site. If any accidents happen on site, thus the work progress will be stop temporary due to make way for the investigation to be carried out by the responsible authorities to find out the accident reason. Consequently this will affected the completion of the whole project progress. In order to prevent accident happened, they must identify the causes of accident first then only solve that problem. There is a many of causes that will contribute accident to happen within construction industry. For example, struck by objects, fallings from height, electrical hazard and death cause by plant is the most accidents happen in the construction industry (MOM, 2009; US Bureau of Labour, 2009a). Also, various reviews of safety management in construction industry have revealed that insufficient safety measures and poor safety awareness is the major reasons for the high incidence of occupational accidents in this industry (Sawacha et al., 1999; Tam et al., 2004; Angela and Ines, 2005; Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2008). 2.2.1 Health and Safety Policy Safety and Health Rules, Regulations, Policies According to CSAO (1993), a health and safety policy is a written statement of principles and goals embodying the companys commitment to workplace health and safety (CSAO, 1993). It demonstrates top managements commitment to ensure safe working methods and environment at the construction sites. Provide a safe workplace become a responsibility of the employer. In Malaysia, a legal requirement is set by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) and other government agencies to ensure the safety and health of all workers at the workplace. On the construction, there is different level of people work there; various type of activities to carry out and different types of plant and machineries to be operate. Therefore, health and safety policy is very important for the projects. Health and safety policy can be the guidance or manual of the construction site to make sure the people, activities and plant follow on construction site durin g the period of construction. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they stated that there is nine (9) commitments that should be archive while carry out the health and safety policy statement by organisation. The nine (9) commitments of the organisation are: Recognise that health and safety is an integral part of business performance Achieve high level of health and safety performance, with a minimum standard being legal compliance and cost-effective health and safety performance improvement Provide adequate and appropriate resources to implement the policy Set and publish health and safety objective, even if only by internal notification Place the management of health and safety as a prime responsibility of line management, from the most senior executive to first line supervisory level Ensure that the policy statement is understood, implemented and maintained at all level in the organisation Ensure employee involvement and consultation to gain commitment to the policy and its implementation Periodically review the policy, the management system and audit of compliance to policy Ensure that employees of all level receive a proper training and is competent to carry out their duties and responsibilities (Howarth and Watson, Construction Safety Management, 2009) 2.2.2 Planning and Implementation Planning, to identify the possible hazards and risks to all workers and other people that also may be affect by the construction activity, setting out the standards performance as a target should be achieve by management and ensure all documentation is perform follow the standards (Holt, 2001). Based on Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they mentioned that few important elements for planning and control the health and safety at construction site. They have summaries the important key elements for the construction site planning and control item of safety as following: The organisations health and safety manual The pre-construction information provided by the client and designer The project health and safety plan Site rules Site induction Communication of health and safety information and guidance to site personnel Sub-contractor co-ordination, communication and co-operation, and competency management (Howarth and Watson, Construction Safety Management, 2009) 2.3 Hazards and Risks According to OHSAS 18001, hazard can be defined as anything that could cause harm to people and damage to property, the environment and the combination of these. Source or situation with potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to workplace environment or combination of these. According to OHSAS 18001, risk can be defined as the chance, greater or small that someone will be harm by hazard. Combination of the likelihood and consequence of a hazardous event occurring. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they mentioned that a hazard is the things that presented harm. In addition, by referring to Frederick Gould and Nancy Joyce (2009), they stated that a hazard is something presented can cause of injuries. Besides that, according to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), they mentioned that risk is the chance or likelihood that somebody will harm or injury by hazard. Commonly, a hazard is a specific situation connected with a production process or a work process and is characterised by such a configuration or state of factors of this process, which may result in an accident at work or an occupational disease (Carter and Smith 2006; HoÅ‚a 2008). In the simplest cases hazards can be identified by observation, comparing the circumstances with the relevant information. A combination of the following methods may be the most effective way to identify hazards. Methods of identifying workplace hazard are including: Previewing legislation and supporting codes of practice and guidance NIOSH/ DOSH published information Reviewing relevant Malaysian and international standards Reviewing industry or trade association guidance Reviewing other published information Hazard checklist be developed Conduct walk-through surveys (audits) and inspections Reviewing information from designers or manufacturers Assessing the adequacy of training or knowledge required to work safely Analysing unsafe incident, accident and injury data Analysing work processes Job safety analysis Consulting with employees Observation Seeking advice from specialists Materials safety been testing and produce the product labels 2.3.1 Hazard cause by Materials According (Howarth and Watson, 2009), accident may be occur by the materials when construction activity is carry out on site such as materials deliver or remove from the site. There is some potentials hazard cause by the materials on the construction site: Use of hazardous materials Storage of hazardous materials Handling of materials Removal of existing materials Dust from materials Spillages of materials Fire Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) which is incorporated into the Occupational Safety and Health Act and serve as a comprehensive and legislated programme that ensures workers to understand about the hazardous materials around workplaces. Moreover, according to the WHMIS system groups the hazard material into six categories based on the material type and hazard which is shown in Table 2.2. Each category has its own hazard symbol and it is important that the worker be able to recognize those symbols (WHMIS, 2011). Table 2.2: The Six Classes of Hazardous Materials and Symbols CLASS A Compressed Gas A compressed gas is a material which at normal temperature and pressure, packaged under pressure in a cylinder or other container. The hazard from these materials is generally arises from their chemical nature and sudden loss of integrity of the container. A compressed gas cylinder is usually quite heavy and when ruptured can become a projectile with the potential to cause significant damage. For example: Acetylene and oxygen CLASS B Flammable and Combustible Materials Classifying material that will ignite and continue to burn in air if exposed to a source of ignition. This class classified as a flammable gases, flammable aerosols, combustible liquids and flammable solids. Many laboratory solvents and cleaning materials used on this class. For example: Methane, acetone, aniline, and lithium hydride. CLASS C Oxidizing Material An oxidizing material may or may not burn itself, but will release oxygen or another oxidizing substance, and thereby causes or contributes to the combustion of another material. This type of substance gives of a large amount of heat when in contact with other substances. Also, able to support a fire and considered high reactive of these chemicals. For example: Ozone, chlorine, and nitrogen dioxide. CLASS D Poisonous and Infectious Material These symbols represent the class of materials that pose the greatest potential hazard to our life and health. Division 1: Materials Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects These materials can severely damage our health in a single overexposure. Fortunately, few of our work areas contain this type of material. For examples: Cyanide compounds, styrene are very toxic substances. Division 2: Materials Causing Other Toxic Effects This unique symbol identifies material that poses a threat to our health through long term exposure. Further, this material may be a suspected carcinogen or have other health damaging properties. Our labs, work areas and shops contain materials marked with symbol. For examples: Asbestos cause cancer, ammonia is an irritant. Division 3: Bio hazardous Infectious Material This classification includes any organisms and the toxins produced by these organisms that have been shown to cause disease or are believed to cause disease in either humans or animals. For example: a blood sample containing the Hepatitis B virus is a bio hazardous infectious material. It may cause hepatitis in persons exposed to it. CLASS E Corrosive Material Corrosive materials can attack (corrode) metals or cause permanent damage to human tissues such as the skin and eyes on contact. Burning, scarring, and blindness may result from skin or eye contact. Corrosive materials may also cause metal containers or structural materials to become weak and eventually to leak or collapse. For example: Ammonia, fluorine, and hydrochloric acid. CLASS F Dangerously Reactive Material This symbol identifies dangerously reactive materials. These materials may react violently under certain conditions of shock or an increase in pressure or temperature or react violently with water. They may also react vigorously with water to release a toxic gas. For example: Ozone, hydrazine, and benzoyl peroxide. (Sources: WHMIS, 2011) 2.3.2 Hazard cause by Movements Plant and Machinery Most of the hazards in construction is more or less has related with movements plant and machinery, it is identified to be more significant at site involve in infrastructure works and industry building. In construction site, there is a lot type of plant and machinery be used during conduct the construction activities. The number of plant and machinery using in site is depending on how big the scale of that project. Therefore, the management team also need to consider of movement plant and machinery as one of the potential hazards while planning the safety and health. According to Tim Howarth and Paul Watson (2009), there is some potentials hazard cause by the movement plant and machinery on the construction site: Lack maintenance for plant and machinery No proper separation for plant and machinery and pedestrian route on site Failure to secure materials during hauling / lifting Operating plant and machinery without authority Operating plant and machinery by non-qualify person Mechanical failure of plant and machinery Lack of warning system Lack of signboard / signage Plant and machinery reversing, provide adequate stop blocks 2.4 Construction Acts and Regulation in Malaysia Under the department of Ministry of Human Resources, there still has another department known as Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Normally, there is still has two Acts that need to be implement to the construction industry which is Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA). This Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 are under Law of Malaysia Act 514 and Factories and Machinery Act 1967 is under Law of Malaysia Act 139. 2.4.1 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 Generally, OSHA 1994 policy is to provide a safe and healthy work environment for all its employees and protect others who may be affected by its activities. The management and staff will work together to achieve the aims and objectives of this policy through discussion / negotiation (conference) and cooperation. Specifically, the department policy comprises the following objectives: To prepare a safe and healthy workplace; To secure the safety and health of persons at work; To protect persons at workplace other than employees To ensure that all staff is provided with the relevant information, training and supervision regarding the methods to carry out their duties in a safe manner and without causing any risk to health; To investigate all accidents, diseases, poisonous and/or dangerous occurrences, and to have action to ensure that these occurrences will not be repeated; To comply with all requirements of legislations related to safety and health as stated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, as well as regulations and codes of practice which have been approved; To provide basic welfare facilities to all workers; and To revise and improve on this policy whenever necessary. The formation of OSHA came was upon three principles. The first is the need for employers to develop a good management system that starts with a safety and health  policy. Secondly, employers, employees and the  authorities must negotiate to settle issues and problems relating to occupational safety and health at the workplace. The first principle is self-regulation. To handle issues relating to  occupational safety and health, employers must develop a good and orderly management system. Starting with formation of a safety and health policy and consequently employers have to make the proper arrangements to be carried out. The third and last principle is co-operation, where the success of the occupational safety and health programs will succeed with the co-operation between employers and employees. With the resulting co-operation, there will  be an increase of quality of occupational safety and health at the workplace (Laws of  Malaysia 2000). The department is without any doubt certain that safety and health must be an integral part of our daily activities, and that the proper practice of safe and healthy working procedures would be the main factor in achieving the success of our mission. Basically, the Act assembles by fifteen parts and consists of 67 sections. PART I PRELIMINARY PART II APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS PART III NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PART IV GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS AND SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS PART V GENERAL DUTIES OF DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS PART VI GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES PART VII SAFETY AND HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS PART VIII NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS, DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE, OCCUPATIONAL POISONING AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, AND INQUIRY PART IX PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF PLANT OR SUBSTANCE PART X INDUSTRY CODES OF PRACTICE PART XI ENFORCEMENT AND INVESTIGATION PART XII LIABILITY FOR OFFENCES PART XIII APPEALS PART XIV REGULATIONS PART XV MISCELLANEOUS 2.4.2 Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) is to control the matters that related to the safety, health and welfare of the workers, the registration and conduct inspection to the plant and machinery and for any matters connected therewith (Law of Malaysia, 2005). Under this Act, it consists of 6 Part and subdivides to 59 sections: PART I PRELIMINARY PART II SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE PART III PERSON IN CHARGE AND CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY PART IV NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT, DANGEROUS OCCURENCE AND DANGEROUS DISEASES PART V NOTICE OF OCCUPATIONAL OF FACTORY, AND REGISTRATION AND USE OF MACHINERY PART VI GENERAL

Potential Impact of Blogs on Communication Essays -- Internet Online C

The Potential Impact of Blogs on Communication The advent of weblogs as instruments of Web-based conversation shall surely increase the exchange of news-related and academic information; probably not to the extent that books or newspapers have, but certainly in an open and accessible way. Gradually as they gain in popularity, blogs shall transform the field of journalism from one of complacent reporting to a more competitive and less elitist industry. Motivated individuals, with the use of their personal blogs, shall weigh in on important and controversial topics related to politics and social issues. Similarly, separated networks of academics shall benefit from more convenient access in communicating their ideas across long distances, giving them greater opportunities to organize large collaborative projects. Although books and libraries shall continue to be the preferred and overwhelming choice of students, educators, and interested persons as a place for acquiring knowledge, weblogs, through the global network called the I nternet, shall bring people ever closer together to inform the general public and to exchange technical and academic ideas. The influence that blogging shall have on the news industry and on academia should, for the sake of objectivity, be placed in comparison with the advent of mechanized printing. Both these technologies (i.e. blogs and printing) have made general news coverage and advanced scholarship related to professional and academic disciplines more readily available than what was the case before their creation. Prior to the invention of moveable type and the printing press, only a small number of trained scribes and privileged aristocrats knew how to write. Books took painstaking effort ... ...ve understanding about the social and physical sciences shall be fostered by this new on-line forum. Works Cited Mumford, Lewis. "The Invention of the Printing Press." Communication in History : Technology, Culture, Society. Ed. Crowley, David and Paul Heyer. Pearson Education. pp. 93-97. Lasica, J.D. "Blogging as a Form of Journalism." We've Got Blog. Ed. Rodzvilla, John. USA: Perseus Publishing, 2002. 163-71. Pryor, Larry. "A Weblog sharpens journalism students' skills." Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3. pg. 97. Regan, Tom. "Weblogs threaten and inform traditional journalism." Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3: pg. 68. Reynolds, Glenn Harlan. "Weblogs and journalism: Back to the future?" Nieman Reports. Vol. 57, Iss. 3: pg. 81. Duke University. Center for Instructional Technology.

Greg Critser and Obesity Arguementative Essay

He believes that stigmatizing overeating in children will be a feasible solution to end the increasing epidemic of childhood obesity. However, Critser has several problems linked to his simple solution to a very complex problem. First, Critser doesn’t talk about the discrimination and the rude treatment that people struggling with obesity face. Second, he claims American families are to blame for this epidemic, but really parents are the ones who are held responsible for their children’s eating behaviors in the first place. Third, by enforcing children to avoid overeating will only cause mental problems associated with the tension and stress on when and how to eat their food. Fourth, parents should set an example on how they eat their food, because a child will act the same way as how they see their parents eating. Lastly, by stigmatizing the unhealthy behaviors due to obesity, in accordance to, trying not to stigmatize the person or people, really is stigmatizing the children who are suffering from being obese. There are many variables involved in the epidemic of childhood obesity that Critser does not recognize, for example the diseases or genetics that are involved with obesity. The feasible solution Critser argues might help in the short run with a decrease in childhood obesity, but in the long run his solution will not solve the overall epidemic to end childhood obesity. To begin with, Critser never mentions the discriminating effects and rude treatment that obese people deal with the minute they step out in society. Mary Ray Worley begins in her article â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance† explaining what fat people go through day to day, and involved are all the emotions and feelings fat people go through when other people see them. If you’ve grown up in the twentieth-century American society, you probably believe that being fat is a serious personal, social, and medical liability. Many Americans would rather die or cut off a limb than be fat, many believe that fatness is a serious health risk, and many are convinced that is a simple matter to reduce one’s body size and are so offended by body fat that they believe it is acceptable to shun fat people and make them the butt of cruel jokes. Those who are fat quickly learn to be deeply ashamed of their bodies and spend their lives trying to become what they are not and hide what can’t be hidden. Our society believes that thinness signals self-discipline and self-respect, whereas fatness signals self-contempt and lack of resolve. 66) Worley goes into depth on some of the thoughts that are running through obese peoples’ mind when going out in society. This is including all adults and children. The discrimination that obese children suffer from is long lasting detrimental effects. These feelings and emotions that are developed as a child can play a vital role in one’s self-esteem along wit h their confidence and how they will conduct themselves day by day. Nowhere is the article Critser talks about the discrimination an obese person has to deal with. Critser would mention two things in his article that would affect the feelings of obese children and one of them was the feeling that obese children deal with is that â€Å"pressure causes tension† (1). The other thing was his solution he thinks that will end the epidemic of obesity, which was, to stigmatize the behavior of overeating while yet not to stigmatize the person engaged in the behavior. Critser was all wrong in thinking this would actually work around the world and not just the Westernized countries. In addition, Critser says, â€Å"No one should be stigmatized for being overweight. But stigmatizing the unhealthful behaviors that cause obesity would conform with what we know about effective health messages† (1). He then goes on to add a false analogy with the campaigns against unprotected sex and smoking. He first is wrong when trying to link obesity with smoking. The two problems are irrelevant to each other besides the fact that both are bad for your health. His focus on unprotected sex and homosexuals in one of his analogies takes offense to anyone who is bigoted, because heterosexuals and homosexuals are the same kind of people with different interests. People who are bigoted go onto discriminate them. That is a false analogy because what does unprotected sex and also homosexuals have to do with obesity in children. Next, Critser’s solution in ways of stigmatizing the unhealthy behaviors associated with obesity and overeating is not the overall solution to conquer this growing epidemic worldwide. The solution is one that may help slow down obesity, but his solution is such a simple solution to such a complex problem. There are many problems associated with obesity; along with there are many solutions to help conquer childhood obesity. Critser is wrong that society can stigmatize overeating without stigmatizing the person engaging in the behavior. â€Å"Food for thought: Children’s views on the psychological aspects of childhood obesity† in Educational and Child Psychology, Debbie Mansfield and Georgina Doutre discuss the â€Å"psychological aspects of childhood obesity† along with the â€Å"children’s views† and â€Å"how to protect obese children from stigmatizing effects† (23). Children are being stigmatized for being obese. The children are subject to â€Å"negative stereotyping and discrimination by their peers,† and â€Å"self-esteem issues, negative body image, depressive symptoms† (Braet, Calamaro and Waite, Hesketh, Koplan, Miller and Downey 24). This proves that Critser’s solution is not going to work. His solution won’t work because, when one is trying to stigmatize the behavior of overeating, then the person who is obese is also subject to the stigmatization. Furthermore, the parents also play a vital role when their child is obese. Children learn through what they see especially when they are at a young age. The â€Å"foot soldiers against obesity† is the American family and are needed to put their children on a â€Å"dietary restraint† to avoid â€Å"gluttony† (1). According to Critser, this saying that the American family is a problem to childhood obesity but later says parents aren’t to blame. Critser uses a strawman tactic saying pressure causes tension by Diamonds. This is true in a sense, but the way Critser uses this saying is that he leaves it at that. He says no more. He doesn’t mention anything else about pressure causing tension. He just quotes Diamonds and what they have to say. The tactic works well in his article, because this is true but it is not linked to his primary solution. â€Å"Childhood obesity could be related to the ignorance or denial of the negative consequences from an individual or family perspective† (Davidson and Birch 24). Critser may agree with this. â€Å"On the other hand, parental acceptance and lack of concern regarding weight issues can be a protective factor for the self-esteem of overweight children† (Stradmeijer 24). A study on obese children concluded that participants are â€Å"accepting attitudes and mpathy towards obese children,† obese children make their own choices over their own â€Å"destiny† (Mansfield and Doutre 27). There were also negative consequences linked to obesity. Being obese caused a lack of friends for children, more bullying occurred, limited to different sporting activities, and serious health consequences (Mansfield and Doutre 28). Parents can help their children in ways to avo id all these emotional consequences their obese children have to deal with along with the psychological effects it has. Mansfield and Doutre provide a table of children’s views of supportive mechanisms for obesity. Some parental discipline and encouragement could be for their children to stop lounging around and do more exercise and eat more fruits and veggies instead of snacks (Mansfield and Doutre 29). A few coping strategies would be to ignore it, their personal choice, and avoidance, accordance to that children think it’s not anybody else’s life to choose who you want to be and rather skinny or fat it is what you want to be (Mansfield and Doutre 29). Critser thinks that kids don’t know much, when really they seem to have an understanding and knowing about the problems associated with obesity. The school systems try to promote exercise to prevent obesity from occurring. It is healthy for children to make their own positive choices. Instead of stigmatizing the behavior of overeating, schools can provide a real good background to children. Moreover, Critser’s article shows weakness in some parts of the article. Critser included a Pennsylvania state university scholar Barbara Rolls that talked about a study she conducted. Her study noticed that the three years old children stopped eating when they were full no matter what the portion size was, but the five year old children devoured everything that was in front of them. Earlier in the article Critser stated that â€Å"kids don’t know when they are full† (1). Another weakness that Critser wrote was when he mocked the experts saying that kids have the right to make bad nutritional choices. This doesn’t have much support in his paper or evidence along with Critser is comparing two different eras. â€Å"Nutrition, Health, and Schoolchildren† written by Judy Butriss states alternative dietary suggestions whether it refers to healthy snacks to the decrease of food intake in a child. the dietary suggestions include; A balanced, varied diet for the whole family, avoiding grazing and TV snacks, healthy snacks (fruits) as alternatives to sweets, chocolate, biscuits, whole food that take time to eat, and grill or boil food instead of frying† (Butriss 294). Finally, in Critser’s article he uses loaded language and unfair argumentation with words like gluttony, foot soldiers, and infantry. Critser uses the term foot soldi ers in a way against obesity that we are pushing for obesity and not seem to care as much. In a way that foot soldiers can be like foot soldiers that just are taught to march and march and nothing else. Critser sounded bias with this term. He also uses the term infantry. Infantry is referring to the American family along with the term foot soldiers. The two terms go together and act as if the American family just keeps encouraging obesity rather than preventing it. This is unfair argumentation because this is not necessarily true. Critser is being bias in the terms he uses. The last piece of loaded language Critser uses is gluttony where he uses the term twice. The term gluttony can be defined as greedy or excessive indulgence, and many children with obesity are labeled as gluttonous. In the beginning of the essay Critser says, â€Å"needs to promulgate [. . . ] dietary restraint, something our ancestors knew simply as avoiding gluttony† (1). Critser says that no person should be stigmatized for being overweight, but his idea is to stigmatize the unhealthy behaviors associate with obesity (Critser 1). This is an unfair argumentation because Critser uses the inconsiderable word gluttony a few times and is also bias to the idea of anti-fat. This is a mistake by using the fully loaded word gluttony, because obese people have enough on their plate and don’t need any more judgments that obesity implies. In conclusion, Critser’s simple solution to such a complex problem is just not going to work. His claims that stigmatizing the behavior of overeating due to obesity, American families cause obesity, portion control and dietary restraint needs to be enforced, and even never to put a kid on a diet seems to not be supportive enough to back his simple solution. His loaded language use of gluttony causes a problem due to the judgmental attitude it implies. Instead, this causes the many social, physical and even economical problems to rise. When one is obese this does raise the thought of a shortened life span and risks to mental diseases, due to the seclusion, one may receive just for seeing themselves as obese. The parents and school teachers come up with ways children can cope a lot easier with being obese. For example, the ways of exercise, change the behavior in how a child will eat snacks (healthy alternatives), and the knowledge that obese children can gain without the loss of self-esteem and confidence. In the end of it all, Critser’s solution to stigmatize the behavior of overeating in a child is the complete reverse approach.